Machinery's Handbook

Index

| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

A

Abbreviations,

  • accuracy, 1158
  • elements, 364
  • geometric, 630-1
  • mathematical and signs, 2
  • scientific and engineering terms, 2473-4
  • symbols for mechanics, 115
  • welding, 1336
  • ABEC bearing tolerances, 2170-5
    Abrasive,

  • belt grinding, 1129-33
  • cubic boron nitride (CBN), 755, 1074, 1086, 1101
  • cutting, 1132-3
  • diamond, 1073
  • grains and materials, 1073
  • grinding, 1073-4
  • honing, 1133-6
  • lapping, 1136-40
  • polishing, 1375-6
  • Absolute,

  • programming, NC, 1177
  • system of measurement, 116
  • temperature, 2432
  • zero, 2432
  • ABS plastics, 379, 582, 595, 605, 615, 618, 2429
    Acceleration, 149-52 (def.), 116

  • angular, 151
  • of gravity, g, 116
  • Accuracy,

  • repeatability, and resolution, NC, 1153
  • effect of, on part tolerances, 1157
  • of NC machine tools, 1156
  • positioning, 1153
  • significance of, 1156
  • Acetal plastics, 379, 582, 595, 605, 615, 618
    Acetylene, specific gravity, 372

    Acme threads,

  • abbreviations, 1719
  • ANSI Standard, 1716-41
  • centralizing, 1726-35, 1741
  • checking, 1796-7, 1798-9
  • drill sizes for, 900
  • general purpose, 1716-26
  • multiple start, 1719, 1724
  • stub type, 1735-41
  • taps for, 897-900
  • thread profile form, 1717-18
  • types of, 1716, 1726, 1735
  • wire sizes for checking, 1797-9
  • Acres to hectares, 2464
    Acrylic plastics, 379, 582, 605, 615, 618
    Adaptive control, NC, 1171

    Addendum, 1919 (def.)

  • (For formulas and data, see type of gear)
  • chordal 1919 (def.), 1937, 1941-2, 1978
  • Addresses, letter, NC, 1181
    Adhesives, bonding, 2378-84

  • one-component, 2380-1
  • retaining compounds, 2381-2
  • sealants, 2382-4
  • thread-locking, 2382
  • two-component, 2378-80
  • Adiabatic expansion and compression, 394-401
    Aging of metal, 482
    AGMA Standards, 1921

  • backlash recommendations, 1959-61
  • Agricultural implements, steels for, 420
    Air,

  • adiabatic expansion and compression, 394-6
  • compression and flow, 392-401
  • density, 393
  • flow in pipes, 400
  • isothermal expansion and compression, 395
  • power or work to compress, 395-9
  • pressure, temperature, and volume relationships, 394
  • properties of, 392-3
  • velocity of escaping, 401
  • volume and weight at different temperatures, 392
  • volume transmitted through pipes, 400
  • Alcohol, specific gravity, 373
    Algebraic,

  • expressions and formulas, 33
  • rearrangement and transposition of terms, 21
  • Allowances for bending sheet metal, 1245-50
    Allowances and tolerances for,

  • cylindrical fits, ANSI Standard for, 642-71
  • fits, 635-81
  • fits, preferred series, 643-4
  • metric ISO fits, British Standard for, 671-80
  • screw threads (see type of thread)
  • Alloys,

  • aluminum, 557-71
  • bearing, 1282, 2151-5
  • brazing, 1293-9
  • cast iron, 1266
  • cast steels, 1269-72
  • copper, 532-56
  • copper-beryllium, 579, 580
  • copper-silicon, 579
  • die casting, 1280-2
  • magnesium, 572-4
  • nickel, 575-7
  • nonferrous, 532-81
  • nonferrous, strength, 480
  • numbering systems for, 402
  • soldering, 1290-3
  • titanium, 575, 578
  • Alloy steels, 405 (def.)

  • AISI-SAE designations, 406
  • applications, 420-2
  • basic numbering system, 402-3
  • carburizing grades, 424-5
  • castings, 1272
  • compositions, 409-10
  • directly hardenable grades, 426-7
  • effects of alloying elements, 2031-2
  • hardness of heat-treated, 434-9
  • heat treatments, 510
  • mechanical properties, 434-9
  • numbering system, 402-3
  • quality variations, 417
  • selection for making tools, 457-60
  • speeds for drilling and reaming, 1024-7, 1029
  • speeds for milling, 1006-11
  • speeds for turning, 988-93
  • strength of heat-treated, 434-9
  • Alternating current motors, 2367-70, 2375
    Aluminum,

  • alloys, 557-71
  • anodizing, 1379
  • Association, 558, 561, 564
  • bearings, 2155
  • cast, 561, 564-6
  • strength of, 480, 565-6
  • characteristics of, 557, 558
  • clad, 562
  • composition of,
  • cast, 564
  • wrought, 570-1
  • designations, 561
  • die casting, 1280-1,
  • heat treatability of wrought, 562
  • machining, 1069
  • melting point, 364, 369
  • properties of, 565-71
  • series groups, 562, 562-3
  • soldering, 1292
  • structural shapes, 2416
  • temper designation, 558-61
  • welding, 1304, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1330
  • wrought, 480, 562-3, 567-71
  • Aluminum bronze,

  • casting alloy, 540
  • strength, 480
  • cast, 565-6
  • American,

  • Boiler Makers Association, 266
  • Brass Company, 579
  • Bureau of Shipping, 356, 1272
  • Foundrymen's Association, 482
  • Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), 1922, 1959-61
  • Institute of Steel Construction, 263, 265
  • Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 359, 402-3
  • Steel Products Manual, 409-10
  • Wire and Rods, Carbon Steel, 438
  • National fire hose connection threads, 1768-70
  • National Standards Institute (ANSI)(see ANSI Standard)
  • Railroads, Assn. of, 1272
  • screw threads, wire sizes for measuring, 1787
  • Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), vi
  • Society for Metals (ASM), 482, 531
  • Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 482, 526-7, 572-4, 1266-8, 1272
  • annealing temperatures, 501-2
  • copper alloys, 532-56
  • Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), 1236
  • wire gage, 2417-18
  • Ammonia, specific gravity, 372, 373

  • in nitriding, 416
  • Amortization, 28
    Analysis, break-even, 37-9
    Angles,

  • bent to circular shape, lengths of, 2406
  • between lines tangent to two circles, 692
  • compound, 694-6
  • cutting tool, 720-7
  • cutting tool inserts, 1219-22
  • degrees into radians, 92-3
  • expressed in radians, 92-3
  • to find, for given taper per foot, 690-2
  • functions of, 85-6
  • helix, 1857 (def.)
  • indexing, 1874-1917
  • involute functions of, 98-102
  • lead, 1857
  • length of arc of given radius, 62, 81-2
  • length of chord, 62, 81-2
  • measuring by disc method, 690
  • minutes into decimals of a degree, 92-3
  • moment of inertia, 220-1, 2413-15
  • radius of gyration, 220-1, 2413-15
  • section modulus, 220-1, 2413-15
  • sine bar for measuring, 687-9
  • structural, 2413-15
  • taper per foot corresponding to, 691
  • rules for figuring, 690
  • thread, tolerances on gages, 1806
  • useful relationships among, 94
  • weight per foot, 2413-15
  • Angular,

  • acceleration, 150-1
  • torque, relation to, 154
  • backlash in gears, 1964
  • clearance for dies, 1241
  • indexing, 1880-98
  • velocity, 150-1, 185
  • Annealing 413, 482 (def.), 500 (see also Heat treatment),

  • constant temperature, transformation, 501-2
  • double, 501
  • temperatures, 501
  • Annual cost, 28-31
    Annuities (calculation of), 27
    Anodizing aluminum alloys, 1379

    ANSI (formerly American or USA) Standard,

  • abbreviations, 115, 2473-4
  • accuracy symbols, 1158-61
  • Acme threads, 1716-41
  • bolts, nuts, screws, and washers, inch, 1417-44
  • bolts, screws, and nuts, metric, 1445-75
  • boring tools, carbide, 858-62
  • buttress inch type threads, 1743-9
  • cap screws, hex head, 1421, 1445
  • cap screws, metric, 1445-8
  • castle and slotted nuts, 1425-6
  • chain, transmission, 2337-2
  • Class 5 threads, 1710-2
  • concentricity symbols, 630, 1160
  • cutting tools, 728-43
  • datum referencing symbols, 631
  • diameter symbols, 630, 1159
  • diamond wheels, 1098-1104
  • drafting room practice, 626-32
  • drawing practices for surface texture symbols, 710-15
  • drill drivers, 848
  • drive screws, 1560
  • /EIA, RS 274-D-1980, NC, 1164, 1177, 1180
  • electric socket and lamp base threads, 1771
  • engineering drawings, 627
  • fine-pitch helical gears, 1994-6
  • fine-pitch worm gearing, 1980-2
  • flat metal products
  • inch sizes, 2419-20
  • metric sizes, 2421
  • gage makers, tolerances, 670
  • gage usage, recommended, 670
  • gages, 1802-9
  • gages for self-holding tapers, 915
  • gages for Unified screw threads, 1803-7
  • gear tooth forms, 1925-30
  • geometric characteristic symbols for engineering drawings, 630, 631
  • geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, 626, 629-32
  • grinding wheels, 1074, 1075-84, 1086, 1091, 1101
  • grinding wheel safety, 1105-8
  • hexagon socket head shoulder screws, 1530
  • hose coupling screw threads, 1766-70
  • interference-fit threads, 1710-15
  • involute splines,
  • inch dimensions, 2042-63
  • metric module, 2064-70
  • jig bushings, 939-50
  • key drive, 913, 914
  • keys and keyseats, 2255-66
  • keys and keyways for milling cutters and arbors, 792
  • knurls and knurling, 1148-52
  • letter symbols for mechanics, 115
  • limits and fits, 642-71
  • lock washers, 1441-4
  • machine screws, 1493-1502
  • binding head, 1501
  • fillister head, 1499
  • flat, countersunk head, 1494-6
  • hexagon washer head, 1496
  • metric, 1503-10
  • oval head, 1500, 1501
  • pan head, 1498
  • round head, 1502
  • slotted hexagon, 1497
  • truss head, 1497
  • manufacturers' standard gage for sheet steel, 2419-20
  • metric,
  • cap screws, 1445-8
  • retaining rings, 1592-9
  • screws, bolts, nuts, and washers, 1445-75
  • screw threads, M profile, 1677-1700
  • screw threads, MJ profile, 1701-5
  • microscope threads, 1771
  • milling cutters, 770-93
  • miniature threads, 1705-9
  • numerical control, 1164-5
  • nuts, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1424-9
  • nuts, metric, 1445, 1467-73
  • parallelism symbols, 630
  • part tolerance symbols, 630, 658
  • perpendicularity symbols, 630
  • pins, 1574-90
  • pipe and pipe fittings, 2422-6
  • pipe thread, 1772-81
  • plain washers, 1437-40
  • position symbols, 630, 1158
  • preferred,
  • basic sizes, 659
  • fits, 659-61
  • metric limits and fits, 656-71
  • metric sizes, 658, 659
  • numbers, 20
  • thicknesses, thin, flat metals, 2419
  • reamers, 811-24
  • retaining rings, 1592-9
  • rivets, 1388-94
  • roundness symbols, 630, 1159
  • runout symbols, 630, 1161
  • screws and bolts,
  • inch, 1417-34
  • metric, 1445-66
  • screw threads, 1630-1741, 1743-9
  • metric M profile, 1677-1700
  • metric MJ profile, 1701-9
  • screw thread symbols, 1652, 1653, 1689, 1702, 1711, 1717-18, 1735, 1741, 1749
  • metric, 1679-1702
  • section lining symbols, 628
  • self-tapping thread inserts, 1560
  • self-threading screws, inch, 1545-60
  • metric, 1561-70
  • serrations, involute, 2042
  • set-screw heads and points, 1531-6
  • set-screws, socket type, 1532, 1533
  • shoulder screws, 1530
  • single-point tools and tool posts, 737-43
  • slotted head cap screws, 1524-5
  • slotted headless set screws, 1531
  • socket head cap screws, 1526-30
  • spindles and drives for portable tools, 1144-7
  • spline socket set screws, 1532-3
  • splines, involute,
  • inch dimensions, 2042-63
  • metric module, 2064-70
  • spur gear tooth forms, 1925-30
  • stub threads, 29- and 60-degree, 1735-41
  • studs, drive, 1585, 1588
  • stud threads, 1710-15
  • surface texture, 703-15
  • symbols,
  • comparison to ISO, 630
  • datum referencing, 631
  • section lining, 628
  • tang drives, 911-12
  • tapers, 904, 910-16
  • taps and threading dies, 870-97
  • threads for electric sockets, 1771
  • T-nuts, T-bolts, T-slots, 1571-3
  • tolerances, 644
  • gagemakers, 670
  • symbols, 594, 630-1, 636
  • tolerances and allowances for cylindrical fits, 635-71
  • total runout symbols, 630, 1161
  • twist drills, 825-47
  • Unified threads, 1630-76, 1705-9
  • washers, inch, 1437-44
  • metric, 1473-5
  • welded and seamless wrought steel pipe, 2423, 2424
  • welding symbols, 1333-43
  • wing nuts, wing screws, and thumb screws, 1619-28
  • Woodruff keys, 2263-6
  • wood screws, 1618
  • worm gearing, fine pitch, 1980-2
  • wrench openings, 1435, 1436
  • Antifriction bearings, 2159-218
    Antimony, melting point, 364
    Apothecaries',

  • fluid measure, 2436
  • weight, 2437
  • APT (automatically programmed tool), 1202-18

  • axis nomenclature, 1173
  • circles, 1204-8, 1211
  • computational statements, 1203
  • example program, 1216
  • geometry statements, 1203
  • motion statements, 1209-14
  • planes, 1210
  • points, 1204
  • postprocessor statements, 1214-17
  • programming, 1202-18
  • tabulated cylinder, 1212
  • for turning, 1217-18
  • 3-D geometry, 1212
  • Arbors,

  • circular saw, 1144
  • diameters for spring-winding, 332
  • dimensions of centers, 811
  • driving slots and lugs for shell reamer, 821
  • keys and keyways for, 792
  • lathe, 857
  • shell reamer, 821
  • standard milling machine, 918-22
  • steels for, 458
  • Arbor-type milling cutters, 788
    Arc,

  • center of gravity, 136
  • checking radius of, 697-8
  • electric, cutting of metals, 1331, 1364
  • gearing, action and approach, 1919
  • length of given angle and radius, 62, 81-2
  • plasma welding, 1327-31
  • welding, 1300-27
  • Areas,

  • circular sectors, 62
  • circular segments, 62, 81-3
  • different sections, 215-24
  • enclosed by cycloidal curve, 56-7
  • findings by Simpson's rule, 55
  • irregular outline, 55, 56
  • plane figures, 55, 56, 58-65
  • surface of revolution, 54, 55
  • and volumes of geometrical figures, 58-73
  • Argon, welding gas, 1302-4, 1313, 1317, 1327, 1328
    Arithmetical,

  • operations, sequence of, 22
  • progressions, 40, 41
  • ASA Code for transmission shafting, 278
    Asbestos, specific gravity and weight, 371
    ASCII, American Standard Code for Information Interchange, 1236
    Atmospheric pressure, 392, 2437
    Atomic weights and numbers, 364
    Austempering, 483, 496, 497
    Austenite, 487, 488, 520
    Austenitic manganese cast steel, 1272
    Autocollimation, 1156-7
    Autogenous, (welding) 1300
    Automatically programmed tool (APT) (see
    APT)
    Automatic screw machines, (see also Screw Machines), 1050-5

  • knurling on, 1050
  • Avoirdupois or commercial weight, 2436
    Axles, steels for automobile, 420
    Azimuth reading displacements, 1157


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    B

    Babbitt metals, 2151-5

  • properties of, 2153, 2155
  • SAE general information, 2151
  • Backlash,

  • allowance in checking gears by the pin method, 2019
  • gearing, 1919 (def.), 1958-64
  • Bainite, 485
    Balance wheels, 171
    Balancing,

  • calculations for, 166-70
  • counterbalancing masses located in two or more planes, 168-9
  • counterbalancing several masses located in single plane, 166-7
  • dynamic, 165
  • lathe fixtures, 169-70
  • machines, 165
  • rotating parts, 165-70
  • running or dynamic, 165
  • static, 165
  • Ball bearings, 2159-65, 2167-75, 2179-83, 2187-9, 2192-207, 2212-7

  • alignment and squareness, 2193-4
  • allowance for axial displacement in, 2179
  • angular contact, 2160, 2161
  • cage materials, 2168-9
  • clamping and retaining methods, 2195-6
  • clearances, running, 2199-200
  • closures, 2196
  • design and installation, 2179
  • designation of, 2181
  • failures, 2201-2
  • fits, 2196
  • flanged housing, 2168
  • friction losses, 2197
  • handling precautions, 2200-1
  • housing bore tolerances, 2181, 2182
  • housings, soft metal and other, 2194-5
  • life, 2202
  • life adjustment factors, 2212
  • locknuts and shafts for, 2188-9
  • lockwashers for, 2187
  • lubricants, 2234-6 (see also Lubricants)
  • lubrication, 2199
  • materials for, 2168
  • mounting, 2192-6, 2199-200
  • pillow block, 2168
  • plastics, 2168
  • quiet or vibration-free mountings, 2195
  • radial and axial clearance, 2199-200
  • rating life, 2203-7
  • seating fits for, 2195
  • selection, 2198-9
  • shaft and bore limits, 2181-2
  • shaft and housing fits for metric radial, 2179, 2180, 2183
  • shaft tolerance,
  • classifications, metric, 2180, 2183
  • limits, metric, 2181, 2183
  • special or unconventional types of, 2168
  • squareness and alignment, 2193-4
  • starting torque, 2197
  • static equivalent loads, 2216-17
  • static load ratings. 2213-15
  • steel for, 420
  • thrust, 2164, 2167
  • tolerances, 2169-75
  • types of, 2159-65, 2167, 2168
  • Ball, roller, and needle bearings, 2159-218
    Balls, standard, 2218-25

  • grades, 2220
  • hardness corrections, 2220-1
  • hardness ranges, 2222
  • materials, 2220
  • number per kilogram, 2225
  • number per pound, 2224
  • ordering specifications, 2219
  • package markings, 2210
  • preferred gages, 2219
  • preferred sizes, 2222-3
  • tolerances, 2221
  • Band brakes, 2249-51
    Band saw,

  • blade selection, 1057-9
  • break-in, 1062
  • speeds and feeds, metal cutting, 1059-61
  • Barometer reading and equivalent pressure, 394
    Barrel, volume, 72
    Base circle, spur gear, 1919 (def.)

  • diameter, 1922
  • Base oils for metal cutting, 1065
    Basic dimension, 635 (def.)

  • hole as basic size, 635
  • shaft or hole, 635
  • Baths, hardening or quenching, 493-5

  • for heating steel, 492
  • tanks for, 495, 496
  • Baumé's hydrometer, conversion to specific gravity, 372, 373
    Beams, 233-58, 2406-12, 2416

  • channel, 2406, 2412, 2416
  • combined stresses in, 204-12
  • curved, 252-5
  • deflections, 233-45, 249, 252
  • designing for, 249, 252
  • uniform load, partial length, 245
  • fixed at both ends, 242-3, 251
  • fixed at one end, 238-41, 250, 246-7
  • I-beams, 2406-11, 2416
  • reactions, 233
  • rectangular solid, 246
  • round solid, 247
  • simple stresses in, 198, 202, 203
  • stresses in, 198-212, 233-56
  • stresses produced by shocks, 255-6
  • supported at both ends, 234-7, 246-7
  • uniform strength, 248, 250-1
  • Bearing lubricants (see also Lubricants)

  • ball and roller bearings, 2234-6
  • plain bearings, 2115-17
  • Bearing materials, plain, 2149-59

  • aluminum, 2151, 2155
  • ASTM compositions, 2152, 2156-7
  • babbitt metals, 2151-5
  • cadmium alloys, 2153, 2155
  • carbon-graphite, 2155, 2158
  • cast iron, 2155
  • copper-lead, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2155
  • die casting in place, 1282
  • graphitic, 2155, 2158
  • laminated phenolics, 2155
  • leaded bronze, 2153, 2155
  • nylon, 2155
  • oil impregnated, 2155-7
  • plastics laminates, 2155
  • porous, 2155-7
  • properties, 2149-50
  • rubber, 2155, 2158
  • SAE compositions, 2151, 2152
  • seals, 2110
  • silver, 2155
  • Teflon (TFE), 2155, 2158
  • tin-bronze, 2154, 2155
  • white metal, 2151-5
  • wood, 2155, 2158
  • Bearings, 2104-215

  • ball (see Ball bearings)
  • guide, 2149
  • needle (see Needle roller bearings)
  • pillow block (see Ball bearings)
  • plain (see Plain bearings)
  • roller (see Roller bearings)
  • sleeve (see Plain bearings)
  • thrust (see Thrust bearings)
  • Belleville springs or washers, 327
    Belts and pulleys, 2280-336

  • flat belts 2280-283 (see also Flat, belts)
  • V-belts 2284-2336, (see also V-belts)
  • Bending,

  • allowances, sheet metal, 1245-50
  • formulas, beams, 234-47, 249-55
  • stress in beams, 233-52
  • structural angles, 2406, 2413-15
  • and torsion formulas for shafts, 273-5
  • Beryllium,

  • and copper alloys, 580
  • melting point, 364
  • Bevel gearing, 1967-79

  • ANSI/AGMA Standard, 1971
  • applications, 1968, 1969
  • backlash, 1959, 1960
  • bearing spacing, 1970
  • blank design, 1969
  • cutting teeth in, 1970, 1972-8
  • face angles, 1972, 1973
  • face widths, 1972, 1973
  • German standard tooth form, 2005
  • Gleason system, straight bevel gears, 1971
  • Zerol bevel gears, 1967, 1968
  • hypoid gears, 1968
  • materials for, 1979
  • milled, 1972-8
  • milling cutters for, 790, 1974-6
  • milling setup, 1977, 1978
  • mountings, 1969, 1970
  • nomenclature, 1971, 1972
  • octoid tooth form, 1970
  • planetary, 1999, 2002
  • replacement gear dimensions, 2039-41
  • shaft stiffness, 1970
  • spiral, 1967
  • straight, 1967, 1971
  • tooth measurement for milled, 1978
  • Zerol, 1967, 1968
  • Bilateral and unilateral tolerances, 635, 636
    Birmingham wire gage, 2417-18
    Birnie's equation, 270
    Blank diameters, drawing dies, 1241-6
    Blanks, sintered carbide, 736-7
    Blast cleaning of castings, 1276
    Block,

  • brakes, 2252
  • or multiple indexing, 1913, 1914
  • NC, 1180, 1182
  • Blow, force of, 157
    Boilers, strength of flat stayed surfaces, 266
    Boiling temperature, various substances, 365
    Bolt Head,

  • markings, inch, 1413, 1414
  • metric, 1455, 1457, 1486
  • mechanical properties (see Mechanical properties, bolts)
  • wrench and socket clearances, 1435, 1436
  • Bolt hole circles,

  • chordal distance, 83
  • coordinates for, 954-65
  • Bolts and nuts,

  • ANSI, inch dimensions,
  • cap or acorn nuts, 1428
  • countersunk bolts, 1433, 1434
  • fin neck bolts, 1431
  • flat jam nuts, 1425
  • heavy hex bolts, 1420
  • heavy hex structural bolts, 1419
  • hex bolts, 1418, 1419, 1420
  • hex flat nuts, 1425
  • hex high nuts, 1429
  • hex nuts, 1418, 1419, 1424
  • hex slotted high nuts, 1429
  • hex slotted nuts, 1425-6
  • hex thick slotted, 1426
  • jam nuts, 1424
  • machine screw nuts, 1493
  • ribbed neck bolts, 1432
  • round head bolts, 1430-2
  • square bolts, 1417, 1418, 1419
  • square neck bolts, 1430-1, 1433
  • square nuts, 1417, 1418, 1427
  • step bolts, 1433
  • T-bolts, 1572
  • T-head bolts, 1430
  • T-nuts, 1573
  • types of, 1417, 1418
  • Unified, 1417, 1418-21, 1414-26
  • wing nuts, 1619-24
  • ANSI, metric dimensions,
  • clearance holes, 1457
  • designation, 1457
  • diameter-length combinations, 1449, 1451
  • diameters, 1448
  • heavy hex bolts, 1452
  • heavy hex nuts, 1471
  • heavy hex structural bolts, 1454
  • hex bolts, 1451
  • hex flange nuts, 1470
  • hex jam nuts, 1471
  • hex nuts, style 1, 1468
  • hex nuts, style 2, 1468
  • identification symbols, 1457
  • materials and mechanical properties, 1455
  • prevailing torque hex flange nuts, 1473
  • prevailing torque hex nuts, 1472
  • reduced diameter bolts, 1453, 1461
  • round head square neck bolts, 1459
  • slotted hex nuts, 1469
  • thread lengths, 1449
  • thread series, 1457
  • British Standard,
  • Association, 1764
  • Fine thread, 1477-80, 1543, 1763-5
  • hexagon, 1476-9
  • metric hexagon, 1480-6
  • Unified, 1522
  • Whitworth, 1476-9, 1521, 1523, 1543, 1761-3, 1793
  • eye bolts and nuts, 359-60
  • grade markings for steel, 1413, 1414, 1455, 1457, 1464, 1486
  • load allowable on bolts, 1415-16
  • spacing for wrench clearances, 1435-6
  • tightening, 1399
  • torque required to tighten, 1399-414
  • working strength of bolts, 1415-16, 1485-6
  • wrench clearances for, 1435
  • wrench openings, 1435
  • Bolts and screws, 1417 (def.)
    Bonding, adhesives, 2378
    Boring,

  • carbide tools for, 858-62
  • cutting time for, 1039
  • Boring-bar, cutters, carbide, 858-62
    Boron nitride,

  • cubic (CBN) abrasive, 974, 1074, 1086, 1091, 1101
  • cutting tool materials, 974
  • speeds and feeds for, 995, 1002, 1010-1, 1014-5
  • Box wrench clearances, 1435
    Brads and wire nails, 1380

    Brakes,

  • band, 2249-51
  • block type, 2252
  • coefficient of friction, 2251, 2252
  • Brass,

  • castings, 532-41
  • coloring, 1377
  • strength and physical properties, 480
  • wire, strength, 480
  • EDM, 1266
  • Brazing, 1293-9

  • filler metals for, 1293, 1296-9
  • fluxes for, 1293, 1299
  • heating for, 1294
  • symbols, 1295
  • workholders for, 1294
  • Break-even analysis, 37-9
    Bricks,

  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • strength, 481
  • Briggs (now ANSI) standard pipe thread, 1774, 1775
    Brinell hardness, 477-8, 523, 524, 526-30

  • aluminum alloys, 565-70
  • cold-drawn carbon steel rounds, squares, and hexagons, 394-5
  • heat-treated steels, 434-9
  • magnesium alloys, 574
  • stainless steels, 440-1
  • Brinell-Rockwell hardness conversion tables, 526-30
    British Association,

  • standard screw threads, 1764
  • tolerance formulas, 1764
  • British Standard,

  • clearance holes for metric bolts and screws, 1827, 1828
  • combined drills and countersinks, 846
  • countersunk head screws, 1521-3
  • dowel pins, metric, 1575, 1576
  • drills, metric, 849-54
  • fasteners, mechanical properties, 1485-6, 1538
  • Fine threads (BSF),
  • basic dimensions, 1763
  • tolerance formulas, 1761
  • hexagon bolts, 1476-9
  • hexagon socket screws, metric, 1538-41, 1544
  • button head, 1544
  • cap, 1539-40
  • set, 1541-2
  • Imperial wire gauge, 2417-18
  • interference fits, 1476, 1487
  • ISO metric,
  • grade markings, 1485-6
  • hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts, 1480-6
  • limits and fits, 671-80
  • tapping drill sizes for, 1827
  • taps, 901-3
  • threads, 1751-60
  • keys and keyways, 2267-79
  • limits and fits for holes and shafts, 671-80
  • machine screws, 1511-23
  • metric,
  • basic sizes, preferred, 681
  • bolts, clearance holes, 1827-8
  • comparison of British, French, German and Swiss, 1704
  • dowel pins, 1575, 1576
  • drills, 849-54
  • hexagon socket screws, 1538-41, 1544
  • and inch pipe threads, 1782, 1783
  • keys and keyways, 2267-79
  • limits and fits, 671-80
  • machine screws and nuts, 1511-20
  • series plain washers, 1490-2
  • series spring washers, 1488-90
  • taps, ISO, 901-3
  • threads, 1704
  • nuts, 1477-81, 1483, 1484, 1511, 1514, 1519-22
  • pipe threads, parallel, 1782
  • pipe threads, taper, 1783
  • preferred metric basic sizes, 681
  • preferred numbers, 681
  • rivets, 1388, 1395-8
  • screws, 1476-86, 1511-23, 1538-43
  • thread dimensions, 1750, 1751-64, 1765, 1782-3
  • thread profiles, 1751, 1754, 1761
  • spark plugs, 1765
  • studs, 1476, 1487
  • tapping drill sizes, ISO metric threads, 1825-7
  • taps, ISO, metric, 901-3
  • thermal units, (BTU), 2432 (def.)
  • converted into foot-pounds, 2470
  • converted into kilojoules, 2471
  • power and heat equivalents, 2468
  • Unified,
  • machine screws and nuts, 1520-2
  • screws and nuts, 1520-2
  • thread sizes, 1630-76, 1705-9
  • UNJ profile threads, 1751
  • washers, plain, metric, 1490-2
  • Whitworth threads (BSW),
  • machine screws, 1520-3
  • set-screws, 1520-3, 1543
  • thread form, 1761-62
  • tolerance formulas, 1761
  • Broaches,

  • chip breakers, 929
  • clearance angles for teeth, 928
  • depth of cut per tooth, 927
  • depth of teeth, 928
  • face angle or rake, 928
  • land width, 928
  • pitch of teeth, 924-7, 928
  • radius of tooth fillet, 928
  • shear angle, 929
  • surface, 926
  • total length of, 928
  • types, 924, 925
  • Broaching, 924-30

  • cutting oils for, 1067
  • cutting speeds for, 1038-9
  • difficulties, 930
  • pressure, 926
  • types of machines, 929
  • Broken tap, removal of, 1830, 1831
    Bronze, 532

  • castings, strength, 480
  • strength, 480
  • Brown & Sharpe,

  • automatic screw machines, 1050-5
  • milling machines, 1900
  • taper, 904, 908
  • taper reamers for sockets, 823
  • wire gage, 2417-18
  • Brush finishing, power, 1370-3
    BSF, BSW threads (see
    British Standard)
    Buckingham formula for pin method of checking screw threads, 1793-6
    Buckling, columns, 260
    Buffing and polishing, 1374, 1375

  • wheels for, 1375
  • Burs and files, rotary, 1369
    Bushings,

  • gear, 2034
  • jig, materials for, 939
  • standard, for jigs, 939-50
  • steels for, 458
  • Butt joint, riveted, 1381, 1384, 1386
    Buttress threads, 1742-9

  • allowances and tolerances, 1746-8
  • ANSI Standard inch type, 1743-9
  • basic dimensions, 1743
  • British Standard, 1750
  • designations, 1749
  • diameter-pitch combinations, 1743
  • miscellaneous types, 1742-9
  • symbols and formulas, 1745
  • thread form, 1744
  • wire method of measuring, 1801-2
  • Byte, PLC, 1166


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    C

    Cables, wire, breaking strength, 336-42
    CAD/CAM, 1227-37

  • drawing exchange standards, 1235-7
  • projections, 1229
  • rapid prototyping, 1237
  • standard lettering sizes, 1234
  • tips, 1231
  • Cadmium, melting point, 364
    Cadmium bearing alloys, 2153, 2155
    Cage materials, anti-friction bearings, 2168-9
    Caliper,

  • gear tooth, 1937, 1938, 2025-7
  • vernier, 683
  • Calorie, kilogram, 2432, 2452
    Cam followers, needle roller, 2191
    Cams and cam design, 1054-5, 2077-102

  • acceleration, velocity, and displacement formulas, 2078-82
  • classes of cams and followers, 2077, 2078
  • cylindrical cams, 2100, 2101
  • design example, 2096-9
  • displacement,
  • constant velocity, 2079
  • curves, 2078-82
  • cycloidal, 2081
  • diagrams, 2078, 2082, 2083
  • harmonic, 2080, 2081
  • parabolic, 2080
  • synthesis of, 2082, 2083
  • forces, 2094-8
  • machining errors, effect on acceleration, 2098
  • materials, 2094, 2099, 2100
  • milling, 2101, 2102
  • pressure angle, 2086-7, 2090-2
  • profile determination, 2083-6
  • radius of curvature, 2092-4, 2098
  • rollers, 2191, 2101
  • size determination, 2087-90
  • stresses, contact, 2094, 2099
  • threading cams, screw machine, 1050, 1053, 1054
  • Canned (fixed) cycles, NC, 1196-200
    Capital recovery, 29

    Cap screws, 1421, 1524-9

  • button head, 1529
  • drill and counterbore sizes for, 1527
  • fillister head, 1525
  • finished, hexagonal, 1421
  • flat head, 1524, 1528
  • hexagonal, 1421
  • hexagon socket type, 1526-9
  • metric, 1446
  • round head, 1525
  • spline socket type, 1526-9
  • tap drill sizes, 1815-27, 1829, 1830
  • Carat, 2436
    Carbides and carbonitrides, 744-52 (see also
    Hardmetals)

    Carbide tools,

  • application of cutting fluids to, 1068
  • boring, 858-63
  • coated, 972, 973
  • cutting, 736-7
  • grinding, 935-8
  • insert holders, 723, 730-5, 1219-22
  • insert type, 723, 728-35
  • materials for, 744-56, 971-3
  • sharpening, 935
  • standard blanks for, 736-7
  • tips for boring tools, 858-62
  • tips for turning tools, 738-43
  • Carbon,

  • melting point, 364
  • monoxide, specific gravity, 372
  • steel castings, 1270, 1271
  • steels, 404 (def.)
  • AISI-SAE designations, 406
  • cold drawn, 432-3
  • composition of, SAE, 407, 419, 423-4
  • heat treatments, 509
  • mechanical properties, 434-9
  • numbering system, 402-3
  • quality variations, 417
  • speeds for milling, 1006-9, 1010-1, 1015
  • speeds for turning, 988-91, 992-3, 996
  • structure of, 487
  • tool steel as a cutting tool material, 971
  • unified numbering system, 402-3, 412
  • Carbonaceous mixtures, 503
    Carbon dioxide,

  • solidification temperature, 638
  • specific gravity, 372
  • Carbon-graphite bearings, 2155, 2158
    Carbonitrides and carbides (see also
    Hardmetals), 744-52
    Carbonitriding, 416
    Carburization, 503
    Carburizing, 416, 483 (def.)

  • gas, 504
  • liquid, 504
  • solid materials, 503
  • steels for, 424, 425
  • temperatures, 509, 510
  • vacuum, 505
  • Case hardening, 415-17, 483 (def.), 503

  • steel, 502 (see also Heat treatment)
  • Cash flow, 31-2

  • discounted, 31
  • Casting processes,

  • aluminum alloys, 1280-1
  • die casting, 1275, 1279-82
  • ductile iron, 1269
  • gravity die casting, 1275
  • gray iron, 1274
  • green-sand molding, 1274
  • investment casting, 1283-5
  • low pressure casting, 1275
  • permanent mold, 1275
  • shell-molding, 1274
  • squeeze casting, 1275
  • V-process, 1274
  • Castings,

  • alloy steel, 1269-72
  • blast cleaning, 1276
  • brass and bronze, 532-41
  • bronze and brass for gears, 2034-5
  • carbon steel, 1270, 1271
  • cleaning methods, 1276
  • ductile (nodular) iron, 1269
  • finishing operations, 1276
  • heat-resisting, 1266
  • heat treatment, 1276
  • investment, 1283
  • malleable iron, 1268
  • malleable iron, strength, 479
  • manganese steel, 1272
  • Meehanite, 1266
  • nodular cast iron, 1269
  • nonferrous strength, 480
  • removal of gates and risers, 1276
  • shrinkage of, 1277, 1280, 1281
  • steel, 1269-73
  • steel, for gears, 1979, 2030-2
  • surface texture of, 714-15
  • weight, obtained from pattern weight, 1278
  • Cast iron,

  • alloy, 1266
  • bearings, 2155
  • chilled, 1266
  • density, 370, 371
  • ductile, 1269
  • gray, 1266
  • malleable, 1268
  • Meehanite, 1266
  • nodular, 1269
  • speeds and feeds for,
  • drilling, reaming, and threading, 1031-2
  • milling, 1014-15
  • turning, 995, 996
  • strength, 479
  • white, 1266
  • Castle and slotted nuts, 1418, 1425, 1426, 1477, 1479
    Cast roller chains, 2337
    Cast steel, 1269-73

  • strength, 479, 1269-72
  • CBN (see Cubic, boron nitride)
    Cell, flexible manufacturing, NC, 1172

    Celsius (Centigrade) and Fahrenheit temperatures, 2432-4
    Cement, strength of, 481
    Cementation, 483 (def.)
    Cemented carbides, 744-52 (see also
    Hardmetals)
    Cemented carbide tools,

  • coated, 748-9
  • grinding, 935-8
  • materials for, 971-2
  • speeds for drilling with, 1026-35
  • speeds for milling with, 1005-15
  • speeds for turning with, 988-1002
  • Cementite, 487
    Cements, pipe joints, 2383-4
    Center,

  • distance, gear set, 1932, 1996
  • drills, 844
  • reamers and machine countersinks, 811
  • of gravity, 135-41
  • line data, NC,
  • of oscillation, 149
  • of percussion, 149
  • of two bodies, 140
  • Centering tools,

  • feeds for, 1050-1
  • length of point, 923
  • Centerless grinding, 1119-21

  • screw threads, 1851
  • troubles, 1120-1
  • Centers, for arbors and reamers, 811
    Centigrade (see Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures)
    Centimeter-gram-second system of measurement, 2439
    Centimeter-inch conversion tables, 2453
    Centipoises, 2113, 2228, 2235, 2451
    Centistokes, 2113, 2228, 2235, 2451
    Centralized lubrication systems, 2229-30
    Centralizing Acme threads, 1726-35, 1741

  • alternative series, 1741
  • designation, 1735
  • formulas for determining diameters, 1728
  • limiting dimensions, 1728-30, 1735
  • major and minor diameter allowances and tolerances, 1734
  • pitch diameter allowances, 1732
  • thread data, 1731
  • thread form, 1718, 1727
  • Centrifugal,

  • clutches, 2244
  • force, 161-4
  • stresses, 176-7
  • Ceramic cutting tool materials, 752-4, 973
    Cermets, 744 (see also Hardmetals)
    Chain,

  • cast roller, 2337
  • close-link, 356
  • crane and hoisting, 352-61
  • detachable, 2337
  • pintle, 2337
  • roller (see Transmission chains)
  • sprockets for, 362
  • transmission (see Transmission chains)
  • Change gears,

  • thread cutting, lathe, 1836-40
  • fractional ratios, 1838
  • fractional threads, 1836
  • metric pitches, 1837
  • modifying the gearbox output, 1838-40
  • threads per inch with given combination, 1836
  • helical gear hobbing, 1996-9
  • helical milling, 1855-72
  • leads and angles for helical milling, 1870, 1871
  • relieving helical-fluted hobs, 1841
  • Channels,

  • aluminum, 2416
  • elements of, 2406, 2412, 2416
  • moment of inertia, 218-22, 2412, 2416
  • radius of gyration, 218-22, 2412, 2416
  • section modulus, 218-22, 2412, 2416
  • steel, 2412
  • structural, 2406, 2412, 2416
  • weight per foot, 2412, 2416
  • Characteristic, logarithm, 103-5
    Charcoal, weight and volume, 372
    Checking,

  • Acme threads by three-wire method, table, 1797
  • American standard threads by three-wire method, table, 1792
  • drawings, 633-4
  • gear size, 2009-28
  • radius of arc, 697-9
  • Whitworth threads by three-wire method, table, 1793
  • Cheese head screws, British Standard, 1521, 1523
    Chemical,

  • elements, 364
  • melting points, 364
  • symbols, 364
  • treatment of metals, 1376-8
  • vapor deposition (CVD), 748
  • Chipbreakers, 726

  • grinding, 938
  • Chisels, steels for cold, 458
    Chord,

  • length for given number of divisions, 955, 956, 957
  • length for given angle and radius, 62, 81-2
  • Chordal addendum (see Addendum)
    Chordal thickness, gear teeth, 1919 (def.), 1936-7, 1941-2, 1978
    Chordal distance of bolt circle, 83
    Chromium,

  • melting point, 364
  • plating, 1362
  • tool steels, 464-6
  • Chucking reamers, 807-8, 813, 816-18, 819, 820,

  • expansion, 812
  • rose, 807, 819, 820
  • Chucks,

  • drill, tapers and threads for, 917
  • hexagonal, for portable tools, 1145
  • spindle, for portable tool grinders, 1144
  • Cincinnati milling machines, indexing movements, 1908-12
    Circles,

  • chords for dividing circumference of, 955-7
  • dividing, on jig boring machine, 958-65
  • enclosed within a circle, 74-8
  • enclosed within a rectangle, 78-9
  • formulas for area, 62
  • geometry of, 46-8, 51-2, 62
  • lengths of chords for dividing, 955-7
  • moment of inertia, 216-17
  • programming in APT (NC), 1204-8
  • radius of gyration, 216-17
  • section modulus, 216-17
  • segments, 62, 81-2
  • squares of equivalent areas, 80
  • Circular,

  • gear teeth, 1919 (def.), 1929
  • interpolation, NC, 1191-3
  • mil gage for wires, 2435
  • pitch gears, diameters of, 1939
  • ring, area, 62
  • ring and sector, area, 62
  • saws, arbors for, 1144
  • sector,
  • area, 62
  • center of gravity, 137
  • segment, 62, 955-7
  • thickness, gear teeth, 1919 (def.) (for formulas and data, see type of gear)
  • Circumference, chords for dividing, 955, 956, 957
    Classical V-belts, 2291-8 (see also V-belts)
    Clavarino's equation, 269
    CL data, NC, 1180
    Cleaning castings, 1276
    Clearance,

  • angles,
  • boring tools, 858-62
  • milling cutters, 798
  • punch and die, 1240
  • reamers, tooth rest position, 809
  • single-point tools, 737-43
  • turning tools, 737-43
  • drill sizes, machine screw, 1823
  • holes for metric bolts and screws,
  • for wrench, 1435, 1436
  • ANSI Standard, 1457
  • British Standard, 1827, 1828
  • Clevis pins, 1574
    Closed-loop system, 1170, 2386-7
    Clutches, 2241-8

  • centrifugal and free-wheeling, 2244
  • cone, 2242-3
  • cutting with angular cutters, 2246-8
  • disk, 2241
  • friction, 2241, 2242
  • friction coefficients, 2242
  • magnetic, 2243-4
  • positive, 2245-6
  • power capacity of, 2241
  • saw tooth, 2247-8
  • slipping, 2244
  • wrapped spring, 2244-5
  • CNC, 1162-3

  • programming, 1177-218
  • Coatings, conversion, of metals, 1376-8
    Cobalt, 364, 937
    Cobaltchrom steel, 513
    Coefficient of friction, 188-90, 2242, 2254
    Cold-form tapping, 1828-30
    Collets, 966-8
    Coloring metals, 1376-8
    Columns, 259-65

  • American Institute of Steel Construction, 263, 265
  • American Railway Engineering Association, 259
  • eccentrically loaded, 260
  • Euler formula, 260, 261, 264
  • J. B. Johnson formula, 260, 264
  • Rankine or Gordon formulas, 259, 261, 264
  • steel pipe, allowable concentric loads, 262-3
  • Combination,

  • drill and tap, 1833
  • shanks for end mills, 779
  • Combined stresses, 204-12
    Compensation, insert radius, NC, 1219-22
    Composite, checking of gears, 1964
    Compound,

  • angles, 694-6
  • indexing, 1873, 1874-9
  • thread cutting, NC, 1201
  • Compression

  • of air, 394-401
  • in beams, 233, 244-5, 254-5,
  • in columns, 259-65
  • springs, 279-305
  • Compressive properties,

  • ceramics, 378
  • definitions, 192-4
  • strength, values of, 479, 481
  • wood, 374-5
  • Computer-aided (or-assisted),

  • design (CAD), 1227-37
  • manufacturing (CAM), 1227
  • part programming, NC, 178-9
  • Computer numerical control, CNC, 1162-3

  • programming, 1177-1218
  • Concave arbor-type milling cutters, 788
    Concrete,

  • heat conductivity, 367
  • linear expansion, 367
  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • strength, 481
  • Conditional expressions, NC, 1196
    Conductance, thermal, 367
    Conductivity,

  • electrical, of metals, 1261
  • electrical, of plastics, 596
  • thermal, 367, 369-70, 378
  • Cone,

  • center of gravity, 139
  • clutches, 2242-3
  • frustum,
  • moments of inertia, 144
  • radius of gyration, 148
  • volume and area, 68
  • moments of inertia, 144
  • radius of gyration, 147
  • volume and area, 68
  • Conical pendulum, 186-7
    Conjugate fractions, 14-16
    Connecting rods, steel for, 420
    Constructional steels, 1085
    Contact,

  • diameter, gearing, 1949-50, 1951, 1952-4
  • ratio, gearing, 1919 (def.), 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1950
  • stresses, cams, 2099-100
  • Contents of tanks, 56-7
    Continued fractions, 13-14

  • use of as conjugates, 15-16
  • Contraction, thermal coefficient of, 367
    Control, adaptive, NC, 1171

  • numerical (see Numerical control)
  • Convergents, 13-15
    Conversational part programming, NC, 1177-8
    Conversion,

  • coating of metals, 1376-8
  • tables,
  • angular measure, 92-3
  • Btu into kilojoules, 2471
  • cutting speed and diameter to rpm, 978-82, 1109
  • cutting speed formulas, 977, 1832-3
  • decimal equivalents of inch fractions, 2437
  • decimal multiples of SI units, 2441
  • foot-pounds into Btu, 2470
  • foot-pounds-force into joules, 2471
  • hardness, 526-30
  • horsepower into kilowatts, 2470
  • metric into English measure, 2445-51, 2453-69
  • miscellaneous English units, 2451
  • oil viscosity unit, 2113, 2228
  • pounds-force into newtons, 2472
  • radians into degrees, 92-3
  • rpm into radians per second, 185
  • Converting numbers to powers-of-ten notation, 18
    Convex arbor-type milling cutters, 788
    Coolants for,

  • lapping, 1139-40
  • machining,
  • aluminum, 1069
  • magnesium, 1070-1
  • tool sharpening, 937-8
  • zinc alloys, 1071-2
  • tapping, 1815, 1833
  • Coordinates, for jig boring, 954-65
    Copper,

  • flat products, strength, 480
  • -lead bearings, 2151-4
  • linear expansion, 369
  • melting point, 364
  • -silicon alloys, 579
  • wire, strength, 480
  • -zinc-tin alloys, strength, 481
  • Copper-beryllium alloys, 579-80
    Copper and copper-base alloys,

  • cast, 532-41
  • classification, 532
  • die casting, 1281
  • passivation, 1377
  • speeds, for drilling and reaming, 1035
  • for turning and milling, 1000
  • wrought, 542-56
  • Copper- and iron-base sintered bearings, 2156, 2157
    Copper Development Association, 532-56
    Cordage Institute, 355, 361
    Core drills, 845-7
    Corner-rounding milling cutters, 773, 788
    Corrosion-resisting alloys, 427, 428, 532-80

  • castings, 1272
  • Cosecant, 85
    Cosine, 85

  • law of, 85-6
  • Cotangent, 85
    Cotter pins, standard sizes, 1574, 1585, 1588
    Cotters, 2266
    Coulomb shear theory (plastics), 601
    Counterbores, 856, 857
    Countersinks, 811, 860

  • combined with drills, 844
  • machine, 811
  • Countersunk head,

  • rivets, 1390, 1394-6
  • British Standard, 1388, 1396-8
  • screws, 1494-6, 1500, 1521-3, 1524, 1528
  • British Standard, 1521-3
  • Couples of forces, 120, 124
    Couplings,

  • double-cone, 2238
  • fire-hose, 1768, 1770
  • flexible, 2239
  • hose, 1766-8
  • interference fits, 2238
  • knuckle joint, 2240, 2241
  • safety flange, 2237
  • single keys used as fixed, 2056-7
  • slipping, 2244
  • universal. 2239-40
  • CPVC plastics, 379, 582, 618, 2429
    Crane chain,

  • hoisting, 352-61
  • safe loads, 353, 354, 356
  • strength, 352-4, 356
  • Crane, hooks, 352-61

  • capacity of, 357
  • dimensions, 357
  • Crane motors, 2374-5
    Crankshaft steel, 420
    Creep, 531, 592

  • rupture, 531, 592
  • Critical,

  • slenderness ratio, 260
  • speeds,
  • of rotating bodies, 183-4
  • of rotating shafts, 183-4, 281
  • temperatures, heat treatment, 490
  • determining, 491
  • Crobalt alloy, 973
    Croning shell mold process, 1274
    Crosby Group, 357-60
    Cross recesses,

  • for machine screws, 1502
  • for self-tapping screws, 1548
  • Cross section lining, ANSI Standard for drawings, 628
    Crowned involute splines, 2060-1
    Cryogenic treatment, steel, 520-3
    Cube, length of side for given volume, 66
    Cubes,

  • and cube roots, 17
  • of wire diameters, 330
  • Cubic,

  • boron nitride (CBN), 974-5, 995, 1002, 1010, 1014-15, 1073-4, 1086, 1101
  • grinding wheels, 1086, 1101
  • conversions, 2463, 2465
  • equations, 34
  • measure, 2435, 2452
  • Cumulative fatigue damage, 195-6
    Cupola malleable iron, 1268
    Curve, normal distribution, 1153-4
    Cutlery, steels for, 420

    Cutter,

  • checking relief and rake angles, 800, 803
  • clearance angles, 798, 799, 804
  • compensation, NC, 1189-91, 1219-22
  • grinding, 797-804
  • location data (CL data), 1180
  • radial relief, eccentric type, 800-3
  • rake angles, 799
  • speeds and feeds, 798
  • tooth rest positions, 804
  • wheels for sharpening milling cutters, 797-8
  • Cutter compensation, NC, 1189-91, 1219-22

  • location data, NC, 1180
  • Cutters,

  • angular, milling, 775, 781, 794-7
  • bevel gear, formed types, 1974-7
  • boring-bar, 858-62
  • box-tool, 1051
  • fluting, for reamers, 807, 808
  • helical gear, formed type, 1993, 1994
  • internal gear, 1965
  • milling, 769-804 (see also Milling cutters)
  • milling, steels for, 457
  • roller chain sprocket, 2351-3
  • spur gear, formed type, 1940-2
  • T-slot, 773
  • Woodruff keyseat, 793
  • Cutting,

  • abrasive, 1140-1
  • electric arc, 1364
  • fluids, 1063-8
  • application of to carbides, 1068
  • aqueous solutions, 1064
  • broaching, 1067
  • carbides, 1068
  • chlorinated oils, 1063, 1065, 1067
  • magnesium, 1067, 1068
  • mineral oil, 1065
  • selection, 1064-7
  • soluble oils and compounds, 1064
  • sulfurized oils, 1063, 1065, 1066
  • various alloys, 1064-7
  • gas torch cutting, 1363, 1364
  • roller chain sprocket teeth, 2349
  • threads, (see Tapping and thread cutting)
  • time for turning, boring and facing, 1039
  • tools, 720-8 (def.)
  • wire rope, 345
  • Cutting speeds and feeds, 970-1041

  • automatic screw machine, 1051, 1052
  • bandsaw, 1059-61
  • broaching, 1038-9
  • chip thickness, 984-6
  • cutting speed calculations, 997
  • cutting tool materials, 446-76, 744-56
  • diamond tools, 974
  • drilling, reaming, and threading, 1023-38
  • copper alloys, 1034-5
  • feeds, 1023
  • ferrous cast metals, 1031-2
  • glass, 1028
  • light metals, 1033
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 1024-6, 1029
  • stainless steels, 1030
  • tool steels, 1029
  • drilling and turning titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • drilling superalloys, 1002
  • equivalent,
  • chip thickness (ECT), 984-6
  • rpm for given cutting speed, 978-82
  • rpm for given drill sizes and speed, 978
  • formulas for, 997
  • honing, 1134, 1135
  • metal cutting saws, 1040
  • milling, 1003-23
  • with cemented carbide cutters, 1003-23
  • feeds for high-speed steel cutters, 1016-7
  • ferrous cast metals, 1014-5
  • light metals, 1007
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 1006-9, 1010
  • slit and slot, 1005-21, 1022-3
  • stainless steels, 1012-13
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • planing, 1039, 1040
  • rpm for different speeds and diameters, 979-82
  • shaping, 1039
  • tapping, 1023, 1024-6, 1029-34, 1037-8, 1882-3
  • thread chasing, 1037-8
  • tool angles, 720-7
  • tool inserts, 744-56, 1219-22
  • tool life, 975, 983, 984-6
  • adjusting, 755-6, 997-9, 1003, 1021, 1023
  • tool materials related to, 970-5
  • tool steels, 992-3, 1010-11, 1029
  • turning,
  • copper alloys, 1000
  • ferrous cast metals. 995-6
  • hard-to-machine materials with CBN tools, 1002
  • light metals, 999
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 988-91
  • stainless steels, 993-4
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • tool steels, 992-3
  • unusual materials, 1041
  • work materials, 970
  • Cutting tools, 720-4 (def.)

  • angles, 720, 721, 722, 724-30, 732-5, 1219-22
  • application codes, ISO, 750-1
  • carbide grade selection, 744-56, 972-3
  • carbonitrides (cermets), 744, 747, 752, 973
  • carbon tool steels, 971
  • cast nonferrous alloy, 973
  • cemented carbides, 744-56, 971-3
  • ceramics, 752, 753, 754, 973
  • coatings, 748, 972
  • compositions and properties, 745, 746, 747
  • cubic boron nitride (CBN), 754, 755, 974, 1073, 1074, 1086, 1101
  • diamond, 748, 754-5, 974
  • polycrystalline, 754, 974
  • synthetic, 755
  • grades, 750-1, 752, 972
  • high-speed steel, 971
  • inserts, 1219-22
  • machining data, 755, 756
  • materials, 970-5
  • sharpening, 933
  • single-point, 720-35
  • specifications, ISO, 749, 750-1
  • thermal cracking, 1068
  • titanium carbides, 747-9, 972
  • trouble-shooting checklist, 976
  • tungsten carbide, 744
  • combined with other elements, 746-8
  • whisker-reinforced, 753
  • Cyanide,

  • bath for heating steel, 492
  • hardening, 503
  • Cyaniding, 416, 484 (def.)
    Cycloidal curves, area enclosed by, 56, 64
    Cycloid length, 64
    Cylinder,

  • area and volume, 68
  • center of gravity, 138, 139
  • hollow, moment of inertia, 144
  • hollow, radius of gyration, 147
  • moment of inertia, 144
  • radius of gyration, 146-7
  • volume of hollow, 68
  • Cylinders,

  • collapsing pressure, 271-2
  • plates and shells, 266-72
  • strength to resist internal pressure, 268-72
  • working pressure vs. radius ratio, 270
  • Cylindrical fits (see Fits, cylindrical)
    Cylindrical grinding, 1110-19

  • automation in, 1114-15
  • basic process data, 1114
  • high speed, 1113-14
  • machines, 1110
  • operating data, 1113
  • selection of grinding wheels, 1076, 1086, 1091, 1101, 1112-13
  • traverse and plunge grinding, 1110
  • troubles, 1115-19
  • workholding, 1111, 1112
  • Cylindrical tank, contents, 56-7


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    D

    Data input, manual, NC, 1177
    Datum referencing, 629, 631-2
    Decalescence point in steel hardening, 490
    Decimal,

  • equivalents, fractions, 2437
  • multiples and submultiples of SI units, 2441
  • point programming, NC, 1182
  • Dedendum, gear tooth, 1919 (def.) (for formulas and data, see type of gear)
    Deflection,

  • beams, 233-45, 249, 252
  • calculating, 202-3
  • flat plates, 266-8
  • shaft, linear, 277-8
  • shaft, torsional, 275, 277
  • springs, compression and extension, 302-5
  • springs, torsion, 320-3
  • Degrees, expressed in radians, 92-3
    Density, 371 (def.) (see Specific gravity)

  • air, 393
  • ceramics, 378
  • metals, 369-70
  • plastics materials, 379
  • powdered metals, 382
  • Department of Commerce, 271
    Deposition rates (welding), 1306, 1314-15, 1317, 1330, 1331
    Depth of cut, 975, 976, 977
    Derivatives of functions, 35-6
    Detachable chains, 2337
    Deviation, mean positional, 1154
    Diameter of circle enclosing smaller circles, 74-8
    Diametral,

  • equivalent circular pitch and tooth proportions, 1927, 1929, 2008
  • equivalent modules, 2008
  • pitch, gear teeth, 1919
  • sizes, 1922, 1923 (def.), 1924
  • pitch knurls, (ANSI) Standard, 1148-52
  • Diamond,

  • abrasives, 1081
  • concentration, 936
  • dust for lapping, 1138
  • grinding wheels, 1087-105
  • laps and lapping, 1138
  • tool materials, 754-5, 974
  • truing, 1092-8
  • wheels, 936-7, 1098-1105
  • composition, 1101
  • designation symbols, 1098-1102
  • diamond concentration, 936-7
  • feeds and speeds, 1104, 1105
  • grades, grit sizes, 936
  • modifications, 1102
  • operating guidelines for, 1104
  • selection of, 1103, 1104
  • shapes of standard, 1098-102
  • speeds and feeds, 1104, 1105
  • terminology, 1098
  • thread grinding, 1847
  • Die blocks, steels for, 455, 456, 457, 458
    Die casting, 1275, 1279-82

  • alloys used, 1280
  • bearing metals, 1282
  • design, 1279-80
  • dies, 1281-2
  • machining zinc alloy, 1071, 1072
  • porosity, 1279
  • Diemaker's reamers, 795

    Dies, sheet metal,

  • angular clearance for, 1241
  • bending allowances, 1245-50
  • blank diameters for drawing, 1243-6
  • blocks, steels for, 455, 456, 457, 458
  • clearance between punch and die, 1240
  • diameter reductions in drawing, 1244
  • heat-treatment, steels for, 455, 456
  • lubricants, 1241
  • press speeds and pressures, 1242
  • punching pressures, 1242
  • rectangular drawing, 1241, 1242
  • shut height of press, 1242-3
  • steels for various classes of die parts, 455, 456, 457, 458
  • Dies, threading, maximum pitches, 1854
    Dies and punches, steel for,

  • drawing, 1241-6 (see also Drawing dies)
  • hot-working, 455, 457, 458
  • Dies and taps,

  • combination drill and tap, 1833
  • maximum pitches, 1854
  • selection of, 1810-2
  • square thread, 875-8
  • tap drill size, 900, 1815-31
  • Acme threads, 900
  • formula, 1824
  • metric, 1827
  • pipe, 1831-2
  • Unified, 1815-26
  • Die sinkers' files, 1368
    Differential,

  • indexing, 1897-1907
  • pulley, 135
  • Dimensioning and tolerancing, geometric, 626, 629-32
    Direct current motors, 2366-7, 2374
    Direct (or distributed) NC, 1237
    Discount and present value, 31
    Discounted cash flow, 31
    Disk,

  • circular, radius of gyration, 146
  • clutches, 2241
  • method of measuring tapers, 690
  • springs, 327
  • Displacement in ball and roller bearings, allowance for axial, 2179
    Distributed numerical control (DNC), 1237
    Distribution curve, normal, 1153
    Dividing,

  • circles, 958-65
  • head,
  • angular position, 794-7
  • indexing, 1872-1916, (see also Indexing)
  • numbers written in powers-of-ten notation, 19
  • using logarithms, 106-7
  • DNC, 1237
    Dolly bars for riveting, 1391
    Double angle milling cutters, 775
    Double-cone clamping couplings, 2238
    Double V-belts, 2298-2307 (see also V-belts)
    Dovetail slides, measuring, 690
    Dowel pins, 1575-80

  • metric, 1575, 1576
  • Drafting practices, ANSI Standard, 626-32
    Draw-in bolt ends, 921
    Drawing, or tempering, steel, 498-500

    Drawing dies,

  • annealing drawn shells, 1241
  • blank diameters, 1243-6
  • brass, 1241
  • depth drawn in one operation, 1244, 1246
  • diameter reduction in one operation, 1244, 1246
  • rectangular, 1241, 1242
  • Drawings,

  • ANSI Standard,
  • drafting practices, 626-32
  • lines, 627
  • section lining symbols, 628
  • sheet sizes, 626
  • surface texture symbols, 710-15
  • symbols, 628, 626-32
  • welding, 1334, 1335, 1337-43
  • checking, 633
  • data for gear, 1955-7
  • data for involute splines, 2054-5
  • geometric symbols for, 630
  • ISO symbols, 630
  • metric dimensions on, 715
  • Dressing grinding wheels, 1092-8
    Drill,

  • chucks, tapers, 917
  • drivers, 848
  • sizes for tapping, 1815-27
  • for Acme threads, 900
  • Drilling,

  • accuracy of drilled holes, 855-6
  • automatic screw machine feeds and speeds, 1051
  • cutting speeds for,
  • B & S automatic screw machines, 1050
  • ferrous cast metals, 1031-2
  • light metals, 1033
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 1024-6
  • stainless steels, 1100
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • tool steels, 1029
  • difficulties, 1028
  • estimating thrust, torque, and power, 1046-8
  • feed rates for, 1023
  • holes, accuracy of, 855-6
  • holes in glass, 1028, 1037
  • horsepower and thrust for, 1046-9
  • machine, shaftless motor type, 2372
  • spade, 863-9
  • Drills,

  • accuracy of drilled holes, 855, 856
  • angle of cutting point, 933-4
  • cobalt high-speed steel, 855
  • combined drills and countersinks, 844-6
  • core, taper shank, 845-6
  • cutting speeds and equivalent rpm, 978
  • definitions of terms, 825-6
  • diameters of tap, 1815-27
  • drivers for, 848
  • grinding, 933-5
  • jobbers length, 827-34
  • length of point, 923
  • metric, British Standard, 846, 849-54
  • nomenclature, 826
  • screw machine drills, 827-34, 838
  • sharpening, 933-5
  • spade, 863-9, (see also Spade drills and drilling)
  • steels for, 855
  • straight-shank, taper-length, drill sizes,
  • fractional, 828-33, 835-7
  • letter, 831-3
  • metric, 828-33, 835-7
  • number, 828-31
  • screw machine length, 838
  • straight-shank drill sizes,
  • core drills, 847
  • fractional, 827-34
  • letter, 831-3
  • metric, 827-37
  • number, 827-31
  • tangs for, 837
  • tap and clearance hole sizes, 1823
  • for taper pin reamers, 1581-4
  • taper-shank core drills, 845-7
  • taper-shank drill sizes,
  • fractional inch, 839-44
  • metric, 839-44
  • twist , 825-6 (def.), 825-47, 849-56
  • types, 826
  • Drive,

  • motors, NC, 2389, 2390-1
  • screws, 1545, 1546, 1560
  • studs, 1588
  • Drives,

  • nose key, 913, 914
  • square, for portable tools, 1146
  • taper, 912, 913
  • Driving slots and lugs for shell reamers and arbors, 821
    Drop-forging dies, steels for, 457
    Drums, chain and wire rope, 343, 344, 361
    Dry measure, 2436, 2442
    Dryseal pipe threads, 1778-81

  • taps for, 891
  • Ductile iron, 479, 1269
    Duranickel, machining, 1072
    Durometer tests, 531
    Dynamic,

  • balance, 165-70
  • stresses, 255-7
  • Dynamometers, 2251, 2253
    Dyne, 2439


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    E

    Earth, weight of, 371
    ECT (equivalent chip thickness), 984-6
    EDM, 1257-66

  • heat-affected zone, 1260, 1261-2
  • plunge (sinker) method, 1258-65
  • electrode materials, 1262
  • machine settings, 1259
  • making electrodes, 1264
  • metal removal rates, 1260
  • process, 1258
  • wire method, 1257, 1266
  • workpiece materials, 1261, 1262
  • Effective,

  • dimensions, splines, 2044, 2051-2
  • length of bolt, 1404
  • vs. nominal interest rates, 26
  • Efficiency,

  • common machine elements, 189
  • machine tool, 1044-6
  • spade drilling, 868
  • riveted joints, 1383-6
  • Elastic,

  • limit, 192 (def.)
  • plastics, 598
  • region 193 (def.), 1408
  • tightening fasteners in, 1401, 1404, 1406
  • Elasticity (rigidity),

  • modulus of, 193 (def.)
  • in shear (torsion), 193 (def.)
  • spring materials, 328, 329
  • various materials, 193, 383
  • Electric,

  • arc, cutting metals, 1364
  • dielectric strength,
  • ceramics, 378
  • plastics, 379
  • motor (see Motors, electric)
  • socket and lamp base threads, 1771
  • welding (see Welding)
  • Electrodes (welding),

  • characteristics of standard types, 1317-8, 1319, 1321
  • AWS E60XX, 1319-20
  • AWS E70XX, 1320-1
  • current to use with, 1306-9, 1311, 1312, 1320, 1325-6
  • deposition rates, 1302, 1306, 1308, 1314-16
  • diameter to use, 1301, 1302, 1311, 1320
  • selecting GTAW tungsten type, 1324-7
  • wire, feed rates, 1306-9, 1313, 1314
  • Elements, table of chemical, 364
    Elevation reading displacements, 1157
    Ellipse,

  • area, 64
  • methods of drawing, 52
  • moment of inertia, 218-19
  • perimeter of circumference, 64
  • radius of gyration, 218-19
  • section modulus, 218-19
  • Ellipsoid,

  • moment of inertia, 145
  • radius of gyration, 148
  • segment, center of gravity, 140
  • volume, 72
  • Elliptic segment, center of gravity, 138
    Elongation,

  • aluminum alloys, 556
  • carbon and alloy steels, 434-9
  • carbon steel rounds, squares, and hexagons, 432-3
  • copper alloys, 533-56
  • copper-beryllium alloys, 580
  • copper-silicon alloys, 579
  • high-strength, low-alloy steels, 443
  • magnesium alloys, 574
  • nickel alloys, 576-7
  • plastics, 379
  • stainless steels, 440-1
  • titanium alloys, 578
  • various metals, 380-1, 382
  • Emery,

  • grades, 1375
  • grain numbers for polishing, 1375
  • End mills,

  • angles for milling teeth in, 794, 795
  • ANSI Standard, 777-87
  • combination shanks for, 779
  • terminology of, 776, 777
  • Endurance,

  • limit, 194 (def.)
  • limits for spring materials, 293
  • Energy, 154-7

  • of flywheels, 171-2, 173
  • Engagement, length of thread, 1415-16
    Engine lathe, change gears, 1836
    Enlarged pinions,

  • in helical gearing, 1994-6
  • in spur gearing, 1943-8
  • Epicyclic gearing, 1999-2002

  • bevel gear type, 2000-1, 2002
  • compound drive, 2002
  • ratios, 2000-2
  • Epicycloidal curves, areas, 56-7
    Equations,

  • cubic, 34
  • quadratic, 33, 34
  • solving, using Newton-Raphson method, 36
  • Equilateral triangle, 85
    Equivalent chip thickness (ECT), 984-6
    Equivalents, power and heat, 2468
    Erg, 2439
    Etching and etching fluids, 1376
    Euler's formulas for columns, 260, 261
    Evaporation, latent heat of, 365
    Everdur copper-silicon alloy, 579
    Expansion,

  • air, 394-5
  • chucking reamers, 812
  • coefficient of (linear),
  • ceramics, 378
  • metals, 369-70
  • plastics, 371
  • various substances, 367
  • fits, 638
  • hand reamers, 815
  • pipe, 391
  • volumetric coefficient of, 367
  • Exponent, 17
    Extrusion process, 1286-7
    Eye bolts and nuts, 359-60


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    F

    Fabric, bonding, 2381
    Facing,

  • cutting time for, 1039
  • hard, 1358-62
  • Factors, prime, 3-12
    Factors of safety, 197

  • flywheels, 178-80
  • machine columns, 264
  • wire rope, 340, 341
  • Fahrenheit and Celsius (Centigrade) temperatures, 2432-4
    Failure,

  • fatigue, modes of, 196-7
  • fatigue, springs, 293-5
  • of riveted joints, 1382
  • of springs, 331
  • Fatigue,

  • corrosion, 196
  • cumulative damage, 195
  • failure, modes of, 196-7
  • influence of stress on, 194-5
  • low/high cycle, 196
  • properties, 194
  • S-N diagrams, 194
  • springs, 293-5
  • surface, 197
  • thermal, 196
  • FCAW (flux-cored arc welding), 1310-17
    Feed,

  • function, NC, 1186, 1188
  • rate override, NC, 1188
  • rates,
  • centering tools, 1051
  • for drilling, 867-8, 1023-36, 1052
  • hollow mills, 1052
  • for milling, 1003-23
  • for turning, 985-1002
  • Feeds and speeds, 614-16, 867, 970-1041, 1050, 1051, 1059-62 (see also Cutting speeds and feeds, and Speeds and feeds)
    Feet,

  • into meters, 2461
  • into millimeters, 2458
  • per minute into rpm, 977, 978-80, 1832
  • Fellows stub tooth gears, 1930
    Ferrite, 487
    Ferrous,

  • cast metals, speeds for drilling, reaming, and threading, 1031-2
  • speeds for milling, 1014-5
  • speeds for turning, 995, 996
  • metals, properties of, 477-9
  • Fiber, vulcanized, strength of, 481
    Fiberglass sheet, properties, 379
    Files, 1365 (def.)

  • applications, 1366, 1367
  • characteristics, 1366
  • classes, 1366
  • cross sections, 1366, 1367
  • curved tooth, 1367
  • machinists', 1367
  • mill or saw, 1366, 1367
  • rasps, 1368
  • rotary, 1369
  • special purpose, 1368
  • steel for, 852
  • Swiss pattern, 1368
  • teeth, cut of, 1366
  • Filler metals for brazing, 1293, 1296-9
    Fillets,

  • area, 62
  • center of gravity, 137
  • Fillister head machine screws, 1499
    Fine blanking, 1252-3
    Finishing, power brush, 1370-3
    Finishing of castings, 1276
    Fire hose connection screw thread, 1768-70

    Fits,

  • cylindrical,
  • allowances and tolerances for, 635-81
  • ANSI Standard, 642-71
  • application of tolerances, 636
  • British Standard, 671-81
  • clearance, 645-7, 650, 651
  • definitions, 635, 642-3, 644, 656-8
  • expansion, 638
  • forced, 637, 654, 655
  • metric ISO, British, 671-80
  • metric radial, ball and roller bearing shaft and housing, 2179
  • preferred series, 644
  • running, 645-9
  • shrinkage, 638-41, 646, 654, 655
  • transition, 645, 647, 652
  • and limits,
  • graphical representation, 646, 647
  • tolerances designation, 658
  • pressure in assembling, 637-8
  • screw threads, allowances and tolerances (see Screw threads and thread systems)
  • Fittings, pipe 2422-30, (see also Pipe and pipe fittings)

  • friction loss in, 391
  • Fixed (canned) cycles, NC, 1196-9
    Fixtures and jigs, 939-51 (see also Jigs and fixtures)
    Flame,

  • cutting of metals, 1362-4
  • hardening, 416, 505-6
  • spraying process, 1289
  • Flanged housing and pillow block bearings, 2168

    Flat,

  • belts, 2280-1
  • efficiency, 189
  • length formula, 2281
  • rivets for belts, 1393
  • rules for diameters and speeds of pulleys, 2282-3
  • speed limitations, 2280
  • head cap screws, 1524, 1528
  • head machine screws, 1494-6, 1522, 1523
  • metal products, preferred thicknesses, 2421
  • plates,
  • circular, 268
  • square and rectangular, 266-7
  • strengths, 266-8
  • plate thrust bearings, 2130, 2132-6
  • stayed surfaces in boiler work, strength, 266
  • Flexible,

  • belts, 2284, 2336 (see also V-belts)
  • couplings, 2239
  • manufacturing,
  • cell, 1172
  • module, 1172
  • systems, (FMS) 1172
  • Floor and bench stand grinding, 1128
    Flow of air in pipes, 400
    Flow of water through nozzles, 389

  • in pipes, 387-8, 2427
  • Fluidized bed furnace, 490
    Fluting cutters, reamers, 807, 808
    Fluxes,

  • brazing, 1293, 1299
  • soldering, 1290, 1292
  • Flywheels, 171-83

  • centrifugal stresses in rims, 176-7
  • combined stresses in, 177
  • design of, 172-6
  • dimensions of, for punches and shears, 174
  • energy of, 171-2
  • factors of safety for, 178-80
  • safe speeds for, 178-80
  • simplified calculations for, 175-6
  • spokes or arms, 182-3
  • steam engine, 181-2
  • tests for bursting speeds, 180-1
  • thickness of rims for, 178
  • Foot-pound,

  • into British thermal units, 2470
  • equivalents, 2468
  • into joules, 2471
  • Force(s), 114 (def.)

  • acceleration from, 152-4
  • algebraic solution of, 123-30
  • of blow, 157
  • centrifugal, 161-4
  • components of, 119-30
  • composition, 119-30
  • and couples, work performed by, 156
  • couples of, 120
  • differential pulley, 135
  • graphical representation, 119
  • moment of, 114, 122
  • for moving body on horizontal plane, 135
  • parallelogram of, 121
  • polygon of, 121
  • pound, 116
  • resolution of, 119-30
  • resultant, 119-30
  • screw, 135
  • toggle joint, 133
  • work performed by, 156
  • Forced fits, allowances, 637, 654-5
    Forgings,

  • alloy steels for, 420, 421
  • steel for heat-treated, 420, 421
  • Format,

  • classification, 1180-2
  • detail, NC, 1181-2
  • word address, NC, 1180, 1181
  • Forming tools, 757-68

  • arrangement of, 768
  • circular, 760-8
  • circular, diameters of, 761-8
  • circular, with top rake, 762
  • dovetail (see Forming tools, straight)
  • feeds per revolution, 768, 1050
  • speeds for, 768, 1050
  • straight, 757-60
  • with rake, 759-60
  • Formulas,

  • algebraic, 33
  • rearrangement of, 21
  • transposition, 21
  • trigonometric, 87
  • Fourth powers of wire diameters, 330
    Fractional threads, 1836
    Fractions,

  • conjugate, 14-15
  • continued, 13-14
  • use of, 15-16
  • decimal equivalents, 2437
  • one inch into decimal inches, 2437
  • one inch into millimeters, 2458
  • Free,

  • cutting steels, 408, 422, 424
  • wheeling clutches, 2244
  • Freezing mixtures, 368
    French,

  • metric screw threads, 1704
  • thermal unit, 2432
  • Fretting damage, 2061
    Friction, 188-90

  • brakes, 2249-53 (see also Brakes)
  • clutches, 2240, 2241, 2242
  • coefficients, 189-90, 2242, 2251, 2254
  • laws, 188-9
  • losses in bearings, 189, 2197
  • rolling, 189-90
  • wheels, power transmission, 2253, 2254
  • Frustum,

  • cone,
  • area and volume, 68
  • center of gravity, 139
  • moment of inertia, 144
  • pyramid,
  • center of gravity, 139
  • radius of gyration, 148
  • volume, 64
  • Fuels, average weights and volumes, 372
    Functions,

  • derivatives, 35-6
  • involute, 98
  • involute, table of, 99-102
  • sevolute, 98
  • trigonometric, 85, 94
  • tables of trigonometric, 94-7
  • versed cosine, 98
  • versed sine, 98
  • Furnaces, steel heat-treating, 489-90, 518, 519
    Fusion, latent heat of, 365
    F-word, NC, 186, 188


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    G

    Gage blocks, precision, 716-8

  • federal specifications for, 716
  • inch sizes, 717
  • metric sizes, 718
  • Gagemakers tolerances, 670-6

    Gages,

  • ANSI Unified thread,
  • allowances and tolerances, 1806-9
  • angle tolerances, 1806
  • classification, 1803, 1804
  • constants for computing dimensions, 1809
  • diameter tolerances, 1806, 1807, 1808
  • form, 1805, 1808
  • formulas for limits, 1807, 1809
  • tolerances on lead, 1806
  • tolerances for plain gages, 1808
  • rods, 2417
  • sheet metal, 2419-21
  • sheet zinc, 2420
  • thickness and diameter sizes, galvanized sheet, 2420
  • tubing, 2417
  • usage, ANSI Standard recommended, 670
  • wire, 330, 2417-8
  • zinc, 2420
  • Gage tolerances, 1808-19
    Gaging methods and measuring instruments, 683
    Gallons,

  • into cubic inches, 2436
  • cylindrical tanks, 56-7
  • Imperial (U.K.), into liters, 2464
  • in tank at given level, 56-7
  • U.S. into liters, 2465
  • Galvanized, (welding), 1301
    Gas,

  • carburizing, 416, 504
  • illuminating, specific gravity, 372
  • metal arc welding (GMAW), 1301-9
  • tungsten arc welding (GTAW), 1322-7
  • welding (see Welding)
  • Gases, specific gravity, 372
    Gasket materials, 1382-3
    Gasoline, specific gravity, 373
    G-code programming, NC, 1180-202
    Gear,

  • blanks, 1955, 1969
  • materials, 421, 1979, 2029-36
  • set, center distance, 1932-5
  • shapers, root diameters of gears cut on, 1931
  • shaving, 1931, 1934
  • size, checking, 2009-28
  • specifications, 1955-7
  • teeth (see type of gear)
  • induction hardening, 508
  • invention of, 2038
  • terms, 1919-22 (def.)
  • tooth caliper, vernier, 1938, 2025-7
  • trains, for fractional ratios, 1838
  • Gear cutters, formed,

  • involute, 1940-2, 1965, 1993, 1994
  • milling cutters for 14.5 deg. pressure angles, 789
  • for miter and bevel gears, 790
  • number for bevel gears, 1974-6
  • Gear cutting,

  • block or multiple indexing, 1913, 1914
  • excess depth to obtain backlash, 1962
  • formed cutter selection, 1940, 1974, 1975, 1993, 1994
  • helical, 1993
  • internal gears, 1965
  • methods for bevel, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1978
  • shaving, 1931, 1934
  • Geared chucks, spindles for, 1144
    Gearing, 1919-22 (def.), 1923-2041

  • (see also type of gear, spur, helical, etc.)
  • AGMA Standards, 1918-21, 1960, 1961
  • angular backlash, 1958-64
  • backlash, 1919 (def.), 1958-64, 2019
  • bevel,1967-79 (see also Bevel gearing)
  • bronze and brass castings for, 2034
  • calculating,
  • helical gears, 1984-98
  • replacement gear dimensions, 2039-41
  • spur gears, 1922-54
  • case hardening steels for, 2029, 2033
  • checking gear sizes, 2009-28
  • checking pressures, 1964
  • chordal measurement of teeth, 1936-7, 1938, 1941-2, 2025-7
  • circular pitch system, 1924
  • compound, 1836, 1899
  • contact ratios, 1919 (def.), 1945-7
  • definitions, 1919-22
  • diametral pitch system, 1924
  • drawing data, 1955-7
  • epicyclic, 1999-2002
  • Fellows stub tooth, 1930
  • forged and rolled,
  • alloy steels for, 2030-2
  • carbon steels for, 2030, 2032
  • geometry of gear teeth, 1923
  • for given center distance and ratio, 1932-4
  • heat treatment to permit machining, 2030
  • helical, 1984-98 (see also Helical gearing)
  • herringbone, 1999
  • highest point of single tooth contact (HPSTC), 1951-2
  • hypoid, 1968
  • idler gears, 1899
  • induction hardening, 508
  • inspection, 1964
  • internal, 1965-6
  • invention, 2038
  • involute curve, 1924
  • lowest point of single tooth contact (LPSTC), 1950
  • materials for, 421, 1979, 1983, 2029-36
  • measuring, 1938, 2009-28
  • module system, 2005-8
  • non-metallic, 618-20, 2035-8
  • pin method of checking size, 2009-25, 2027-8
  • pitch diameter, 1924
  • planetary, 1999-2002
  • pressure angles, 1920
  • ratchet, 2003, 2004
  • replacement gear dimensions, 2039-41
  • spiral (see Helical, gearing)
  • spur, 1923-54 (see also Spur gearing)
  • steels for, 2029-32
  • terms, 1919-22
  • through hardening steels for, 2029-30
  • true involute form (TIF), 1951
  • worm, 1980-3 (see also Worm gearing)
  • Gearing ratios,

  • change, for lathe, 1836-9
  • differential indexing, 1898-9, 1900-7
  • finding accurate, 1840-1
  • General purpose Acme threads, 1716-26

  • designation, 1719
  • formulas for diameters, 1720
  • limiting dimensions, 1719, 1721-2, 1726
  • pitch diameter allowances, 1724
  • thread data, 1723
  • thread form, 1717-18, 1720
  • Geometrical,

  • constructions, 49-53
  • dimensioning and tolerancing, 626, 629-32
  • progression, 40, 42
  • propositions, 43-8
  • Geometric progression, 40, 42
    Geometric symbols for drawings, 630-1
    Germanium, atomic weight, 364
    German standard,

  • gear tooth, 2005
  • screw threads, metric, 1704
  • Gib-head keys, 2256, 2272, 2276, 2277, 2279
    Glass,

  • drilling holes in, 1028, 1037
  • linear expansion, 367
  • Gleason system,

  • bevel gears, 1968, 1971
  • Zerol bevel gears, 1967, 1968
  • Glue, pattern, 1277
    GMAW (gas metal arc welding), 1301-9
    Gold, melting point, 364
    Goodman diagram, 195
    Gordon formula for columns, 259, 261
    Grade markings on bolts and nuts,

  • ASTM and SAE, 1414
  • inch, 1413-4
  • metric, 1455, 1485-6, 1511
  • Grams,

  • per cubic centimeter into pounds per cubic inch, 2469
  • into ounces, avoirdupois, 2466
  • Granite,

  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • strength, 481
  • Graphical,

  • solution of force systems, 119, 121-2
  • programming, NC,
  • Graphitic materials for bearings, 2155, 2158
    Gravel, weight, 371
    Gravitational system of measurement, 116
    Gravity,

  • acceleration due to, 116
  • center of, in various geometrical figures, 136-41
  • lubrication systems, 2230-1
  • specific, 370 (def.)
  • gases, 372
  • liquids, 372, 373
  • plastics, 379
  • various substances, 371-3
  • Grease lubricants, 2231-4
    Greek letters, 2442
    Green sand molding, 1274
    Grindability of tool steels, 1085, 1087-90
    Grinders,

  • safety for, 1105-18
  • spindles for portable, 1145, 1147
  • Grinding, 1073-1132

  • abrasive belt grinding, 1130-2, 1137
  • abrasives, 1081, 1074-6
  • carbide tools, 935-8
  • centerless, 1119-21
  • centerless grinding troubles, 1120-1
  • chip breakers, 938
  • cylindrical, 1110-9
  • cylindrical grinding troubles, 1115-19
  • diamond wheel, 936, 937, 1098-1105
  • floor and bench stand, 1128
  • fluids, 1063 (see also Cutting, fluids)
  • internal centerless, 1120
  • materials, 1081
  • milling cutters, 797-9
  • offhand grinding, 1128, 1137
  • planing tools, 727
  • plunge, 1110
  • portable grinding, 1128, 1137
  • rpm, various speeds and diameters, 1109
  • screw threads, 1847-51
  • silicon carbide wheels, 935-7
  • spindles for portable tools, 1144
  • surface, 1121-8
  • surface grinding troubles, 1128
  • swing frame grinding, 1137
  • tools,
  • carbide, 935-7
  • twist drills, 933-5
  • traverse, 1110
  • wheel safety, 1105-8
  • grades, 1074
  • handling, 1105
  • inspection, 1105
  • machine conditions, 1106
  • mounting, 1106
  • portable grinders, 1107
  • safe operating speeds, 1107, 1108
  • speed conversion table, 1109
  • speeds, maximum, 1108
  • storage, 1105
  • wheels, 1073-98, 1105-9
  • abrasive materials for, 1073-5
  • angles for eccentric type radial relief angles on milling cutters, 801
  • bond properties, 1074
  • CBN, 1074, 1086, 1091, 1101
  • cubic boron nitride, 1073-4, 1086
  • diamond, 754 (see also Diamond, wheels)
  • diamond truing of, 1092-8
  • dressing and truing of, 1092-8
  • faces, shapes of, 1084
  • grades, 1074
  • markings, standard, 1075, 1076
  • mounted wheels and points, 1142-3
  • metric, 1141
  • mounting and safety, 1106
  • selection of, 1076, 1084-92
  • shapes and sizes, standard, 1076-84
  • shapes and sizes, standard, metric, 1082-3
  • structure, 1074, 1075
  • truing diamond feeds, 1096
  • truing diamond sizes, 1097
  • truing and dressing of, 1092-8
  • wheel markings, 1075
  • Grooved pins, 1584-8
    Grooving and oil feeding of bearings, 2117
    Ground thread tap, designations, 896-7
    GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding), 1322-7
    Guide bearings, 2149
    Guldinus or Pappus rules, 54
    Gutta percha, turning, 1041
    G-word, NC, 1182-6
    Gyration, radius of, 143, 146-9


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    H

    Hand,

  • expansion reamers, 815
  • of flute helix, 772
  • of milling cutter, 771
  • reamers, 805-6, 814, 815
  • reamers, threaded end, 806
  • H- and L-limits, 893, 895-6
    Hardenability, 414-5
    Hardening steel, 490-7 (see also Heat treatment)

  • flame, 505
  • induction, 506
  • laser and electron beam, 512
  • Hard facing, 1358-62

    Hardmetals, 744-56

  • carbonitride based, 747-8
  • coated, 748-9
  • ISO classifications, 750-1
  • tooling for wood and nonmetals, 756
  • Hardness,

  • aluminum alloys, 565-570
  • bearings, 2111
  • ceramics, 378
  • heat-treated steels, 432-9
  • investment casting alloys, 380-1
  • magnesium alloys, 574
  • O-ring, 2401-2
  • plastics, 379
  • powdered metal alloys, 382
  • relation to tensile strength, 477-8, 530
  • steel,
  • carbon and alloy, 434-9
  • castings, 380-1, 1270
  • cold drawn, rounds, square, and hexagons, 433
  • stainless, 440-1
  • tool steels, 461, 463, 465, 469, 471, 474
  • surface (case), 414-15
  • testing, 523-31
  • Brinell, 523, 524, 526-30
  • conversion errors, causes, 527
  • conversion tables, 526-30
  • correction for curvature, 2220
  • diamond pyramid, 525, 526
  • durometer, 531, 2404
  • Hultgren ball, 524, 526, 527
  • Keep's test, 525
  • Knoop hardness numbers, 525
  • Mohs hardness scale, 530
  • monotron, 525
  • relationship between hardness and tensile strength, 477-8, 530
  • Rockwell, 526-30
  • scleroscope, 525, 526, 527
  • Turner's sclerometer, 530
  • Vickers, 525, 526, 527
  • Hard rubber, machining, 1072
    H-bands (hardenability), 415
    Heat,

  • absolute temperature and zero, 2432
  • coefficients of radiation, 368
  • coefficients of transmission, 368
  • Fahrenheit-Celsius conversion, 2432-4
  • freezing mixtures, 368
  • ignition temperatures, 368
  • insulating materials, 367
  • latent, 365
  • linear expansion, 367
  • loss from uncovered steam pipes, 366
  • mechanical equivalent, 2432
  • power equivalents, 2468
  • quantity measurement, 2432
  • scales, 2432
  • specific, 365, 366
  • temperature scales, 2432-4
  • thermal,
  • conductance, 367
  • conductivity, 367
  • energy, 2432
  • Heat radiating capacity of bearings, 2117, 2118

    Heat treatment, 482-7 (def.)

  • high-speed steels,
  • annealing, 516
  • furnaces for, 518, 519
  • hardening, 513-20
  • steel, 412-14, 482-523
  • annealing, 413, 482 (def.), 487, 500-2
  • annealing temperatures, 501-2, 509-12
  • baths for heating, 492
  • baths for quenching, 493-7
  • baths for tempering, 497-500
  • carbonitriding, 416
  • carburizing, 416, 503
  • carburizing temperatures, 509, 510
  • case hardening, 502-5
  • case hardening steels, 509, 510
  • cleaning work after case hardening, 505
  • colors for tempering, 500
  • cooling, low-temperature, to stabilize dimensions, 520-3
  • cooling, subzero, to improve properties, 522-3
  • cyanide hardening, 503
  • decalescence point, 490
  • defects in hardening, 493
  • double tempering, 499
  • flame hardening, 505
  • furnaces, 489-90
  • hardenability test, Jominy, 415
  • hardening, defects in, 493
  • hardening temperatures, 490, 491, 509, 510, 511
  • heat treatments for SAE steels, 509-12
  • induction hardening, 506-8, 512
  • interrupted quenching, 495-7
  • lead bath temperatures, 492, 499
  • liquid baths, 492
  • nitriding, 416, 518-9
  • normalizing, 413, 501, 502
  • normalizing temperatures, 509-12
  • oil hardening steels, 509-12
  • pack-hardening, 503
  • protective coatings for molybdenum steels, 518
  • quenching, 413, 485-6 (def.), 488-9, 493-7, 515
  • recalescence point, 490
  • salt baths, 492
  • scale formation, 493
  • spheroidizing, 501, 502
  • stabilizing dimensions, 521
  • strength and hardness of AISI steels, 434-9
  • stress relieving, 414
  • subzero treatments, 522-3
  • surface hardening, 512
  • tanks for quenching baths, 495
  • tempering, 415, 486 (def.), 498-500
  • time aging, 521
  • water quenching, 494
  • Hectares into acres, 2464

    Helical,

  • gearing, 1984-98
  • center distance for enlarged, 1996
  • change gears for hobbing, 1996-9
  • checking gear size, 2009, 2019, 2024-5
  • checking size by pin method, 2019
  • chordal thickness and addendum, 1936-7, 1941-2
  • data on drawings, 1955-7
  • direction of thrust, 1984
  • enlarged fine-pitch pinions, 1994-6
  • fine pitch, 1928, 1994
  • formed cutter number, 1993, 1994
  • helix angles, 1985
  • herringbone type, 1999
  • hobbing, 1996-8
  • normal diametral pitch, 1919
  • normal tooth thickness, 1928
  • pin method of checking size, 2009-25
  • pitch of cutter, 1985
  • problems, 1999
  • replacement gear dimensions, 2039-41
  • shafts at any angle, 1985, 1991-3
  • shafts parallel, 1986-7
  • shafts at right angles, 1988-90
  • spur gear replacement by helical gears, 2039-41
  • tooth number for selected formed cutter, 1993, 1994
  • tooth proportions, 1928, 1929
  • interpolation, NC, 1193
  • milling, 1993, 1994
  • change gears, 1855-72
  • springs (see Spring)
  • wire screw thread inserts, 1560
  • Helix, 1857

  • angles, screw threads, 1640-9
  • constructing, 53
  • lead for given angle, 1867-9, 1872
  • measurement of angle, 1857
  • Herringbone gearing, 1999
    Hexagon, area, 60, 216

  • distance across corners, 84
  • moment of inertia, 216-17
  • radius of flats or corners, 60
  • radius of gyration, 216-17
  • section modulus, 216-17
  • High-speed steels, 456, 460-3, 971

  • cobalt, 456, 855
  • cobaltcrom, 513
  • as cutting tool materials, 971
  • heat treatment, 513-20
  • annealing, 516
  • equipment, 519
  • forging, 519
  • hardening molybdenum, 516-18
  • hardening temperatures, 514-15
  • hardening tungsten, 513-15
  • nitriding, 518-19
  • preheating tungsten, 513
  • quenching molybdenum, 518
  • quenching tungsten, 515
  • subzero treatment, 520-3
  • tempering molybdenum, 518
  • tempering tungsten, 516
  • time for through hardening, 514
  • molybdenum, 456, 460, 461, 467, 516-19
  • tungsten, 456, 462-6, 513-16
  • High-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels, 406, 442-5
    Hobbing helical gears, change gears, 1996-8
    Hobs,

  • change gears for relieving, 1841
  • roller chain sprocket, 2349, 2351
  • Hob tip radius, maximum, 1951, 1954
    Hoisting chain and wire rope, 333-61
    Holders for NC, insert, 730-6, 1219-22
    Hold-on or dolly bars for riveting, 1391
    Hole,

  • coordinate dimension factors for jig boring, 958-65
  • sizes for self-tapping screws, 1553-60
  • Holes,

  • accuracy of drilled, 855, 856
  • difficulties in reaming, 810
  • in glass, drilling, 1028, 1037
  • for riveted joints, 1381
  • spacing of, on a jig borer, 958-65
  • for tapping, 1815-27, 1829, 1830
  • Hollow mills, feeds and speeds, 1052
    Honing process, 1133-6

  • abrasive stones for, 1136
  • adjustments, 1135, 1136
  • carbide tools, 938
  • rotative speeds in, 1134, 1135
  • stock removal, rate of, 1134
  • tolerances, 1136
  • Hooks, dimensions of crane, 357
    Horsepower, 114 (def.)

  • air compression, 395-9
  • chain transmission, 2354-61
  • converted into kilowatts, 2468, 2470
  • disk clutches, 2241
  • drilling different materials, 1047-9
  • dynamometer test, 2251, 2253
  • electric motor ratings, 2364-5
  • equivalents, 2450, 2468, 2470
  • formulas, 160
  • friction wheels, 2253-4
  • gearing, 2035-7
  • helical gearing, 1984-98
  • machining, 1041-6
  • nonmetallic gears, 2035-8
  • planing and shaping, 1044, 1045
  • roller chains, 2354-61
  • set-screw transmitting capacity, 1543
  • shafting, 273-9
  • spade drilling, 868, 1047-9
  • spur gears, 2035-8
  • torque equivalent, 273
  • V-belt drives, 2284-335
  • water at a given head, 388
  • Horsepower-hour equivalents, 2468
    Hose coupling screw threads, 1766-70
    Hot short alloy, 1275
    Hot-working, tool steels for, 455, 457, 458
    HSLA steels, 406, 442-5
    Hydrant screw thread, 1768-70
    Hydrochloric acid, specific gravity, 372
    Hydrometer, Baumé's, and specific gravity, 355, 373
    Hydrostatic bearings, 2107 (see also
    Plain bearings)
    Hyperbola area, 64

  • constructing, 53
  • Hypocycloidal curves, areas, 56-7
    Hypoid gears, 1968
    Hysteresis, 288


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    I

    I-beam,

  • aluminum, 2416
  • moment of inertia, 218-23
  • radius of gyration, 218-23
  • section modulus, 218-23
  • standard, structural, 2406, 2407-11, 2416
  • steel, 2407-11
  • structural, moment of inertia, section modulus, weight per foot, 2407-11, 2416
  • Ice, specific gravity and weight, 371
    Identities, trigonometric, 87
    Idler gears, 1899
    IGES (initial graphics exchange specification), 1235-6
    Ignition temperatures, 368
    Impact strength, Izod,

  • carbon and alloy steels, 434-5
  • plastics, 379
  • Impulse and momentum, 158-60
    Inch,

  • decimals of, into millimeters, 2453-5
  • fractional, into millimeters, 2458
  • millimeters into decimals of, 2456-7
  • Inches into centimeters and millimeters, 2453
    Inclined plane, 131, 153

  • force for moving body on, 131
  • motion on, 153
  • Inconel metals, 576-7
    Incremental programming, NC, 1183
    Indexable,

  • carbide inserts, 727-30
  • insert holders, NC, 730-5, 1219-22
  • inserts, single-point tools, 727-30
  • Indexing,

  • angular, 1879-97
  • block or multiple, 1913, 1914
  • compound, 1872, 1874-9
  • differential, 1897-1907
  • head worm wheel with 64 teeth, 1915
  • milling machine, 1872-1916
  • movements, 1875-8, 1880, 1881-96, 1900-8, 1908-12, 1915, 1916
  • rack cutting on milling machine, 1916
  • reamer teeth for irregular spacing, 805, 806
  • simple, 1872, 1900-7
  • Indexing head, angular position for,

  • milling cams, 2101, 2102
  • milling clutches, 2246-8
  • milling end mills and angular cutters, 794-7
  • Induction hardening, 416-17, 506-8, 512

  • equipment, 506-7
  • gear teeth, 508, 512
  • quenching, 508
  • steels for, 507
  • Industrial assets, investments in, 28-32
    Inertia, 114 (def.)

  • moments of (see Moments of inertia)
  • Initial graphics exchange specification (IGES), NC, 1235-6
    Insert holders for NC, 730-6, 1219-22
    Insert radius compensation, NC, 1219-21, 1222
    Inserts,

  • hardmetal materials, 744-54, 756
  • indexable, 727-30, 734-5, 736, 1219-22
  • screw thread, 1560
  • self-tapping screw, 1560
  • superhard materials, 754-6
  • Inspection methods, 683-718
    Instrument maker's thread system, 1771
    Insulating materials, heat, 367
    Interest,

  • formulas, 29
  • nominal vs. effective, 26
  • simple and compound, 25
  • Interference fit threads, 1710-5

  • British Standard, 1476, 1487
  • coarse threads, 1714
  • designation symbols, 1711
  • dimensions, 1712
  • engagement lengths, 1713
  • interferences, 1711, 1713
  • lubrication, 1713
  • materials for, 1713
  • profile, 1710
  • spur gearing, 1943, 1944
  • torques for, 1713, 1715
  • Interferometer, 1157
    Internal spur gearing, 1965, 1966
    International System (SI) units, 2439-46
    Interpolation,

  • circular, NC, 1191-3
  • helical and parabolic, NC, 1193
  • linear, NC, 1222
  • Interrupted quenching, 495-7
    Inverse,

  • and direct proportions combined, 24
  • ratio or reciprocal, 22
  • Investment,

  • casting, 1282-4, 1414
  • in industrial assets, 28, 30
  • Involute, 1920 (def.)

  • constructing, 53
  • curve properties, 1925
  • functions, 98-102
  • gear cutters, formed type, 1940, 1965, 1972-6, 1993, 1994
  • serrations, 2042
  • splines, 2043-6 (def.), 2064-5
  • ANSI Standard, inch dimensions, 2042-63
  • basic dimension formulas, 2047, 2066-7
  • basic rack profile, 2070
  • chamfers and fillets, 2050, 2070
  • combinations of types, 2053, 2054
  • compressive stresses, allowable, 2060
  • crowning for misalignment, 2060-1
  • dimensions, effective and actual, 2051-3, 2065-7
  • drawing data, 2054-5
  • fillets and chamfers, 2050, 2070
  • fits, types of, 2048, 2064, 2065
  • fretting damage, 2061
  • inspection methods, 2062
  • interchangeability, 2053-4
  • metric module, 2064-70
  • pin measurement of, 2062, 2063
  • reference dimensions, 2054, 2070
  • shear stresses allowable, 2059
  • sizes and lengths, estimating, 2056, 2057
  • space width limits, 2052-3, 2066, 2067, 2068
  • symbols for, 2046, 2055, 2064-5
  • tensile stresses, allowable, 2060
  • terms, 2043-6 (def.), 2055, 2064-9
  • tolerances, 2042-3, 2048-9, 2066-9
  • tooth numbers, 2046, 2048
  • tooth proportions, 2046-8, 2064-7, 2070
  • tooth thickness limits, 2052-3, 2067, 2068
  • torque capacity formulas, 2056-61
  • variations, effect of, 2051, 2068-9
  • variations, types of, 2044, 2051, 2068-9
  • Iron castings, 1266-8
    Iron- and copper-base sintered bearings, 2156-7
    Isosceles triangle, 85
    ISO Standard,

  • drawing symbols, compared with ANSI, 630
  • geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, 626
  • metric,
  • British Standard taps, 901-3
  • grade markings on bolts, 1485-6
  • hexagon bolts, screws and nuts, 1480-6
  • limits and fits, British Standard, 671-80
  • thread, 1751-60
  • 9000 quality certification, 622-5
  • tapping drills for, 1825-7
  • washers, compared with ANSI, 1474
  • Isothermal,

  • expansion, compression of air, 395
  • quenching, 497
  • Izod impact strength,

  • carbon and alloy steels, 434-5
  • plastics, 379

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    J

    Jacobs tapers, 917
    Jam nuts, standard, 1418, 1424, 1425

  • metric, 1471
  • Jarno taper, 904, 909
    Jig,

  • boring, 951-4
  • hole coordinate dimension factors for, 958-65
  • transfer of tolerances in, 952-4
  • bushings, 939-50
  • definitions, 939
  • designation system for, 940
  • locking mechanisms for, 950
  • materials, 939
  • plate thicknesses, 939
  • Jigs and fixtures, 939-51

  • definitions, 951
  • Jobbers reamers, 816

  • drills, 827-34
  • Johnson, J. B., column formula, 260, 264
    Joints,

  • plastics pipe, 2428-30
  • riveted, 1381-7 (see also Rivet and Riveted joints)
  • toggle, 133
  • universal, 2239
  • Jominy hardenability tests, 415
    Joule equivalents, 2471
    Joules into foot pounds-force, 2471
    Journal or sleeve bearings, 2117-30 (see also Plain bearings)


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    K

    Keep's hardness test, 525
    Kelvin, degrees, 2432
    Kerosene, specific gravity, 373
    Keying bearings, 2109
    Keys and keyseats, 2255 (def.)

  • ANSI Standard, 2255-66
  • British Standard, 2267-79
  • chamfered keys, 2261
  • cotters, 2266
  • depths for milling keyseats, 2257, 2258, 2262
  • effect on shaft strength, 280-1
  • estimating key sizes, 2056
  • filleted keyseats, 2261
  • fitting, 2255, 2259
  • gib-head keys, 2256, 2273, 2276, 2277, 2279
  • key fitting, 2255, 2259
  • keyseat milling cutters, Woodruff, 793
  • keyseats, depth of, 2257, 2258, 2262
  • keyway stresses, nonmetallic gears, 2038
  • metric, 2267-72
  • milling cutters and arbors, 792
  • parallel, 2256, 2257, 2259, 2261
  • plain, 2256, 2276, 2277, 2279
  • setscrews for keys, 2261
  • size vs. shaft diameter, 2257, 2258, 2262, 2268, 2270, 2274-7
  • steel for, 421
  • strength considerations for shafts, 280-1
  • taper, 2256, 2257, 2259, 2266, 2267, 2270, 2272, 2273, 2276, 2277
  • tolerances, 2256, 2261, 2263, 2264
  • transmission chain, 2342
  • Woodruff, 2255, 2263-6, 2273, 2278
  • Kilogram calorie, 2432
    Kilograms,

  • per cubic meter into pounds per cubic foot, 2469
  • into pounds, 2466
  • per square centimeter into pounds per square inch, 2467
  • per square meter into pounds per square foot, 2467
  • per square meter into pounds per square inch, 2467
  • Kilojoules into British thermal units, 2471
    Kilometers into miles, 2461
    Kilopascals into pounds per square inch, 2468
    Kilowatt,

  • into horsepower, 2470
  • power required for machining, 1041
  • Kilowatt-hour equivalents, 2468
    Kinematics, 114
    Kinetic energy, 154-7
    Kinetics, 114
    Kingsbury thrust bearing, 2130, 2145-8
    Kips, 1271 (def.)
    K-Monel, machining, 1072
    Knee tools, speeds and feeds, 1052
    Knoop hardness numbers, 525
    Knuckle joints, proportions, 2241
    Knurls and knurling, 1148-52

  • ANSI, 1148-52
  • automatic screw machines, 1050-5
  • concave, 1152
  • diametral pitch knurls, 1148-52
  • formulas, 1151
  • lathe knurls, 1148
  • revolutions required for top knurling, 1050
  • sizes, preferred, 1149
  • speeds and feeds, 1052
  • straight knurls, 1149-51
  • tracking correction, 1148
  • work diameter tolerances, 1151, 1152
  • Ksi, 1271 (def.)


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    L

    Lag screws and threads, 1422, 1423

  • metric, 1456
  • Lamé's formula for internal pressure, 269
    Laminated phenolic bearings, 2155, 2158
    Land, gear tooth, 1920 (def.)

  • drill, 825
  • Lapping,

  • abrasives, 1139
  • carbide tools, 938
  • grading abrasives for, 1137
  • grading diamond dust for, 1138
  • lubricants, 1139, 1140
  • pressures, 1140
  • tests, 1140
  • wet and dry, 1140
  • Laps, 1136-40

  • charging laps, 1137-8
  • cutting properties, 1139
  • flat surfaces, 1137
  • materials for, 1136-7
  • rotary diamond, 1138
  • wear, 1139
  • Laser and electron beam surface hardening, 512
    Laser interferometer, 1157
    Lasers, 1344-57

  • beam focusing, 1345
  • beams, 1344
  • cladding, 1356-7
  • cutting metal with, 1349
  • cut edge roughness, 1350
  • cutting speeds, 1352, 1353
  • heat-affected zone, 1351
  • kerf widths, 1350
  • cutting nonmetals, 1351
  • drilling, 1355-6
  • heat treatment, 1356
  • light, 1344
  • marking, 1357
  • safety, 1347
  • types of industrial, 1346
  • welding, 1353-5
  • joint design, 1354
  • processing gas, 1355,
  • theory, 1353
  • welding rates, 1354-5
  • Latent heat, 365
    Lathe,

  • arbors, 857
  • centers, steel for, 458
  • change gears, 1836-40
  • fixtures, balancing, 169-70
  • screw constant, 1836
  • types of motors for driving, 2366
  • Lead,

  • angles of cutting tools, 720-7
  • tool inserts, 1219-21
  • of helix, change gears and angles for milling, 1789, 1870, 1871
  • of helix for given angles, 1867-9, 1872
  • of helix known, find change gears for milling, 1855-67
  • of milling machine, 1855
  • of screw thread, 1784, 1789, 1857
  • Lead, melting point, 364, 499

  • heat transmission coefficient, 368
  • solder, 1291
  • specific gravity, 371
  • strength, 480
  • tempering in, 499
  • Lead angle of screw thread,

  • finding, 1789, 1857
  • tables for, 1640-9, 1708, 1723, 1731, 1740, 1797-9
  • Lead-base alloys, die casting, 1281
    Lead bath,

  • alloys, temperatures, 499
  • for heating steel, 492
  • tempering, 499
  • Leaded-bronze bearings, 2151-4
    Length,

  • differences due to temperature changes, 682
  • engagement of screw thread, 1415-16
  • measures, 2435, 2442
  • of rivets for forming heads, 1387
  • standard, 2441
  • Letter,

  • addresses, NC, 1181
  • symbols for mechanics, 115
  • Levers, 132
    Life adjustment factors for rolling element bearings, 2212-13
    Light,

  • duty V-belts, 2307-10
  • laser, 1344
  • metals,
  • speeds for drilling, reaming, and threading, 1033
  • speeds for milling, 1005
  • speeds for turning, 999
  • wave interference bands, measuring surface variations with, 702
  • Limestone,

  • cutting speed for, 1041
  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • strength, 481
  • Limit,

  • elastic, 192-3 (def.)
  • endurance, 194
  • proportional, 192 (def.)
  • Limits and fits,

  • ANSI Standard preferred metric, 656-71
  • British Standard (metric ISO) for holes and shafts, 671-80
  • cylindrical fits, ANSI Standard, 642-56
  • definitions, 656-8
  • gages, plain, 637, 670
  • gages, thread, 1803-9
  • graphical representation, 646, 647
  • indicating on drawings, 635-6
  • metric, 656-71
  • screw thread gages, 1803-9
  • symbols, 658
  • tolerance designation, 658
  • Woodruff keys, 2263-4
  • Line,

  • of action, gearing, 1920 (def.), 1923, 1924
  • conventions and drawings, 627-8
  • Linear,

  • deflection of shafting, 277
  • expansion,
  • ceramics, 378
  • metals, 369-70
  • plastics, 379
  • various substances, 367
  • interpolation, NC, 1222
  • Lines, points, circles (APT) NC, 1204-8
    Link chain, sprocket dimensions, 362
    Liquid,

  • baths, heating steel in, 492
  • carburizing, 416
  • depth to volume conversion, 57
  • measure, 2436, 2442
  • specific gravity, 370-3
  • Liters,

  • into cubic feet, 2465
  • into Imperial gallons, 2464
  • into U.S. gallons, 2465
  • Load,

  • rating, static, bearings, 2213-16
  • ratings and fatigue life, bearings, 2202-18
  • Lobing, 701-2
    Locknuts, ball and roller bearing, 2188

  • shafts for, 2189, 2190
  • Locknut threads, pipe, 1776, 1777
    Lockwashers,

  • ANSI Standard, 1441-4
  • ball and roller bearing, 2187
  • British Standard, metric,
  • plain, 1490-2
  • spring, 1488-90
  • spring type, 1441, 1442
  • tooth type, 1443, 1444
  • Logarithms, 103-112

  • table, common, 109-110
  • table, natural, 111-12
  • Long angle lathe file, 1368
    Löwenherz thread, 1750
    Low pressure casting, 1275

    Lubricants, 2226-36

  • application of oils, 2228-9
  • bearings, 2115-7, 2234-6
  • cutting, 1063-8 (see also Cutting, fluids)
  • density, 2227, 2228
  • electric motors, 2376, 2377
  • grease, 2231-4
  • oil mist, 2231
  • oils, 2226-9, 2236
  • presswork, 1241
  • solid films, 2234
  • specific gravity, 2228
  • temperature vs. viscosity, 2114, 2228
  • viscosity, 2227, 2228, 2236
  • Lubrication, 2112-17, 2228-36

  • analysis, journal bearings, 2120-30
  • application of oils, 2231-4
  • ball and roller bearings, 2234-6
  • centralized systems, 2229, 2230
  • chain, 2355
  • density, 2227-8
  • films, 2234
  • gravity systems, 2230, 2231
  • grease, 2231-3
  • motors, 2376-7
  • oil mist, 2231
  • oils, 2231-4
  • plain bearings, 2112-15
  • relubrication with grease, 2233, 2234
  • roller chain, 2355
  • selection for bearings, 2115-17
  • solid films, 2234
  • specific gravity, 2228
  • systems, 2229-31
  • viscosity, 2114, 2227-8, 2236
  • wicks and wick feeds, 2230, 2231

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    M

    Machine,

  • accuracy, effect of on part tolerances, 1157
  • countersinks, 811
  • elements, subjected to compressive loads, 260
  • platens, NC, 1223-4
  • Machinery noise, 1238

    Machine screws,

  • ANSI Standard, 1493-1510
  • binding head, 1501
  • British Metric, 1511-23
  • British Unified, 1520-2
  • B.S.W and B.S.F, 1511, 1521, 1523
  • cheese head, 1518
  • clearance holes, metric, 1510
  • cross recesses, 1502
  • fillister head, 1499
  • flange head, 1509
  • flat head, 1494-6, 1504
  • header points for, 1500, 1507
  • hexagon head, 1497, 1508
  • hexagon washer head, 1496
  • metric, ANSI standard, 1503-10
  • nuts for, 1493
  • oval head, 1500, 1501, 1505
  • pan head, 1498, 1506, 1517
  • round head, 1502
  • recommended nominal screw lengths, metric, 1510
  • steel for, 421, 424
  • tap and clearance drills, 1815-27
  • tap drill sizes, 1823
  • taps for, 870, 878-81, 883-4
  • truss head, 1497
  • washerhead, 1496
  • washers for, 1437-40, 1490-2
  • Machine screw taps, 870, 878-81

  • metric (ISO), 883-4
  • Machine tool,

  • lathe, change gears for fractional ratios, 1838
  • motor types, 2374, 2375
  • Machining,

  • aluminum, 1069
  • bearings, 2111, 2112
  • copper alloys, 1072
  • hard rubber, 1072
  • magnesium, 1070-1
  • Monel and nickel alloys, 1071-2
  • nonferrous metals, 1069-72
  • zinc alloy die castings, 1071
  • Machining power,

  • estimating, 1041-9
  • factors,
  • chisel-edge, 1049
  • drill diameters, 1049
  • feeds, 1044, 1049
  • machine tool efficiency, 1045
  • metal removal rates, 1045
  • power constants, 1041-3
  • tool wear, 1044
  • work materials, 1047
  • Machining processes,

  • ANSI Standard tolerance grade relationships, 644, 671
  • effect on surface roughness, 708
  • Macro, NC, 1194, 1195
    Magnesium alloys, 572-4, 1281

  • applications, 572
  • compositions, 573
  • cutting fluids for, 1068, 1070-1
  • designations, 572
  • die casting, 1280
  • machining, 1070-1
  • properties, 574
  • soldering of, 1292
  • strength, 480, 574
  • Magnetic clutches, 2243-4
    Malleable,

  • iron castings, 1268
  • Iron Research Institute, 1278
  • strength, 1268
  • Malleablizing, 485 (def.)
    Manganese, in welding electrodes, 1300, 1301
    Manganese-bronze castings, 536-7

  • Manganese steel, 409-10
    Manila rope, strength, 354, 361
    Manual data input, NC, 1177
    Manufacturers' standard gage for sheet steel, 2419
    Manufacturing cell, flexible, NC, 1172

  • module, 1172
  • system, 1172
  • Marble,

  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • turning, 1041
  • Martempering, 497
    Martensite, 489, 520
    Masonry, weight per cubic foot, 371
    Mass, 114-18
    Materials,

  • mechanical properties of, 192-3 (def.)
  • strength of (see Strength of materials)
  • Mathematical signs and abbreviations, 2
    MBEC bearing tolerances, 2153
    M-codes (M-words), NC, 1186-7
    Mean positional deviation, 1153-4
    Mean proportional, 23
    Measures and weights, 2456-72
    Measuring,

  • angles with sine-bar, 687-9
  • compound angles, 694-6
  • dovetail slides, 690
  • gear size, 2009-28
  • instruments and gaging methods, 683-718
  • with light-wave interference bands, 702
  • with micrometer, 685-6, 1784-6
  • radius or arc, over rolls, 697
  • surface texture, 703-10
  • tapers, 689-93
  • threads,
  • Acme, 1796-1800
  • American standard, 1792
  • buttress, 1801-2
  • by micrometer, 1784-6
  • by screw thread gage, 1802-9
  • tapered, 1800-1
  • by three-wire method, 1785-1802
  • Whitworth, 1793
  • various shaft conditions, 699-702
  • V-shaped groove, over pins, 697
  • with vernier, 683-4
  • Mechanical equivalent of heat, 2432
    Mechanical properties,

  • aluminum, 383, 565, 571
  • bolts, inch sizes, 1414
  • bolts, metric sizes, 1445, 1485-6
  • ceramics, 378
  • copper, 383, 579-81
  • investment casting alloys, 380-1
  • iron, 383
  • magnesium, 383, 572-4
  • nickel, 383, 575, 576-7
  • nuts (see Bolts and nuts)
  • plastics, 379
  • powdered metal alloys, 382
  • steel, 383, 434 439, 455-6, 477, 479
  • strengths, 477-81
  • spring wire, 384
  • titanium, 383, 575, 578
  • various materials, 192-3 (def.)
  • wood, 374-5
  • Mechanics of materials, 114 (def.), 116 (see also Strength of materials)

  • acceleration, 149-52
  • due to gravity, g, 116
  • algebraic solution of force systems, 119-20, 123-130
  • angular velocity, 150-2, 185
  • center and radius of oscillation, 149
  • center of gravity, 135-41
  • center of percussion, 149
  • centrifugal force, 161-3
  • couples, 120
  • differential pulley, 135
  • dynamics, 114
  • energy, 154-5
  • force, 119-30
  • force of a blow, 157
  • graphical solution of force systems, 119, 121-2
  • impulse and momentum, 158-60
  • inclined plane, 131, 153
  • kinetic energy, 154-5
  • levers, 132
  • linear velocity, 150, 185
  • metric SI units, 114, 117-19
  • decimal multiples and submultiples of, 2441
  • momentum, 158-60
  • Newton's laws, 152
  • pendulums, 186-7
  • potential energy, 154-5
  • pound force, 116
  • pulleys, 134, 135
  • radius of gyration, 143, 146-9
  • radius of oscillation, 149
  • rpm into radians per second, 185
  • scalar and vector quantities, 119
  • screw, 135
  • SI metric units, 114, 117-19
  • statics, 114
  • toggle joints, 133
  • torque, 154
  • units, 114-19
  • vectors, 119
  • velocity, angular, 150, 185
  • velocity, linear, 150, 185
  • wedge, 131
  • wheels, 134
  • work, 156-7, 160-1
  • work and energy relation, 156-7
  • work performed by forces and couples, 156
  • work and power formulas, 160
  • Meehanite castings, 1266
    Melting points,

  • alloys of copper and zinc, 1296-7
  • alloys of lead and tin, 1291
  • brazing alloys, 1296-8
  • elements, 364
  • metals, 369-70
  • solder, 1291
  • various metals, 369-70
  • Mercury,

  • inches of, and equivalent pressure, 387
  • melting point, 364
  • Metal,

  • balls, standard, 2218-25
  • bonded grinding wheels, 936, 1074
  • bonding, 2378-81
  • coloring, 1376-8
  • foundry patterns, 1278
  • identification, 531
  • inert gas (MIG) welding, 1300, 1301-9
  • melting points, 369-70
  • numbering systems for, 402-3
  • plasma welding, 1327-30
  • properties of, 477-81
  • slitting saws, 774
  • specific gravity and properties, 369-70
  • spraying process, 1289,
  • temperature effect on strength, 478, 481
  • Metallurgy, powder, 1288
    Meters into feet, 2461
    Metric,

  • basic sizes, British Standard preferred, 681
  • bolts and nuts, American Standard (see Bolts and nuts)
  • bolts and screws, British Standard clearance holes for, 1827, 1828
  • conversion factors, 2445-51
  • tables, 2453-72
  • dimensions on drawings, 715
  • dowel pins, British Standard, 1575, 1576
  • equivalents, 2445-51, 2453-72
  • fasteners, ANSI, 1445-75 (see also Bolts and nuts and Screws)
  • inch vernier, dual, 684, 685
  • International System of Units (SI), 2439-41, 2443
  • ISO limits and fits, British Standard, 671-80
  • keys and keyways, British Standard, 2267-72
  • micrometer, reading, 686
  • module, gear cutter, 1940
  • gear teeth, 2005-8
  • screw threads M profile, American Standard (see Screw threads and thread systems)
  • series British ISO,
  • hexagon bolts, nuts, and screws, 1480-6
  • taps, 901-3
  • machine screws and nuts, 1511-20
  • metal washers, 1490-2
  • socket screws, 1538-41
  • spring washers, 1488-90
  • SI system in mechanics, calculations, 114, 117-19
  • SI units, factors and prefixes for forming decimal multiples and submultiples, 2441
  • sizes, preferred for flat metal products, 2421
  • systems of measurement, 2439-41
  • threads,
  • British (ISO), 1751-60
  • SI, 1750
  • twist drills,
  • ANSI, 825-34, 835-7, 839-44
  • British Standard, 849-54
  • vernier, reading, 684
  • washers, plain, ANSI, 1473-5
  • Microinch, 2435

  • into micrometers (microns) 2459-60
  • Micrometer,

  • reading, 685, 686
  • screw thread, 1784
  • Micrometer (microns), into microinches, 2459-60
    Microprocessor, 1166, 1167
    Microscope screw thread, 1771
    Mil, 2435
    Miles into kilometers, 2461
    Millimeters

  • feet into, 2458
  • hundreds of, into inches, 2453
  • inches into, 2453, 2458
  • inch fractions into, 2458
  • into inches, 2453, 2456, 2457
  • thousandths of an inch, into, 2454, 2455
  • Milling,

  • angular, 775, 781
  • cam, 2101-2
  • change gears for helical or spiral, 1855, 1857-66, 1870-2
  • feeds for,
  • cemented carbide cutters, 1005-15
  • high-speed steel cutters, 1016-17
  • in inches per tooth for cemented carbide cutters, 1005-15
  • helical, change gears for different leads, 1855, 1857-66, 1870-2
  • horsepower for, 1041-8
  • short lead, 1855
  • speeds and feeds, 1003-23
  • automatic screw machine, 1052
  • copper alloys, 1000, 1017
  • ferrous cast metals, 1014-15
  • light metals, 1005
  • metal slitting (saws), 774, 1022-3
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 1006-9
  • stainless steels, 1012-13
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • tool steels, 1010-11
  • thread, 1852-4 (see also Thread, milling)
  • Milling cutters, 769-804

  • ANSI Standard, 770-93
  • arbor keys and keyways, 792
  • arbor type, 788
  • bevel gear, 790, 1974-7
  • casting, 1284
  • classification of, 770-1
  • concave and convex, 788
  • corner rounding, 773, 788
  • double angle, 775
  • eccentric type radial relief, 800
  • elements of, 774-7
  • end mills, 777-87
  • gear, 789, 790
  • grinding or sharpening, 797-804 (see also Cutter, grinding)
  • hand of,
  • cut, 770
  • cutter, 771
  • flute helix, 772
  • rotation, 770
  • helical gear, 1993
  • hollow, 1052
  • indicator drop methods of checking relief and rake angles, 800-3
  • keys and keyways for, 792
  • keyseat, 793
  • metal slitting (saws), 774
  • number of teeth, 769-70
  • plain, 771
  • rake angles, 799
  • roller chain sprocket, 790-1
  • selection of, 769
  • setting angles for milling teeth in, 794-7
  • shell mills, 776
  • side, 772
  • single angle, 775, 781
  • spline shaft, 797
  • spur gear, 789, 1940
  • steels for, 457
  • T-slot, 773
  • terminology, 774, 775, 776, 777
  • Woodruff keyseats, 793
  • Milling machine,

  • Brown & Sharpe, 1900
  • centering plugs, 921
  • Cincinnati, 1908-12
  • cutters for 14.5-deg. pressure angle gears, 789-90
  • draw-in bolt ends, 921
  • indexing, 1872-1916
  • lead of, 1855
  • platens, 1223-4
  • spindle noses, 918, 919, 922
  • tapers for, 918 thread, 1854
  • tool shanks, 920
  • V-flange, NC, 1223, 1225-6
  • Mill or saw files, 1366
    Miner's law of linear damage, 196
    Miniature screw threads, 1705-9
    Minutes into decimals of a degree, 92-3
    Miscellaneous functions (M-words), NC, 1186, 1187
    Module,

  • flexible manufacturing, NC, 1172
  • splines, metric, 2064-70
  • system of gear teeth, 2005-8
  • Modulus of,

  • bulk, 383
  • elasticity, E (Young's), 193 (def.), 328, 329
  • iron and steel, 479
  • nickel-based alloy, 288
  • nonferrous metals, 480
  • plastics, 379
  • for various materials, 193, 383
  • flexural, 379
  • rupture, 374 (def.), 375
  • shear (G), 193 (def.)
  • in plastics, 589, 590
  • in spring design, 329
  • spring materials, 328, 329
  • Mohs hardness scale, 530
    Molding,

  • green sand, 1274
  • shell, 1274
  • Molds, steels for permanent, 471, 472
    Molybdenum high-speed steels, 456, 516-8

  • heat treatment of, 456, 516, 517, 518
  • tool steels, 460, 461-7
  • Molybdenum steels, SAE, 406, 409, 426, 427
    Moment of a force, 114, 122

    Moments of inertia, 142-5

  • angles, steel, 2413-15
  • built-up sections, 213-14
  • channels, aluminum, 2416
  • channels, steel, 2412
  • cross-sections, 213, 214-24
  • formulas for various sections, 213, 214-24
  • I-beams, aluminum, 2416
  • I-beams, steel, 2407-11
  • I or S shapes, steel, 2411
  • pipe, 2252, 2253
  • polar, 142-5, 226, 275-6
  • rectangles, 215, 224, 225
  • round shafts, table for, 226-31
  • structural channels, 2406, 2412, 2416
  • wide flange, steel, 2407-10
  • Momentum and impulse, 158-60
    Monel metals, machining, 1072

  • properties, 576
  • Monotron for hardness testing, 525
    Morse,

  • reamers for sockets, 822
  • stub taper shanks, 906
  • tapers, 904-9
  • twist drill gage, 2417
  • Motion,

  • accelerated, 149-54
  • force and work, 152-4
  • general formulas, 150-1
  • on inclined plane, 131, 153
  • Newton's laws, 152
  • rotary, formulas, 151
  • Motion control,

  • analog transducers, 2393
  • closed-loop systems, 2386-7
  • control function, 2388-9
  • features of controllers, 2388
  • control motors, 2390-2
  • feedback transducers, 2392
  • hydraulic systems,
  • control systems, 2395-7
  • electronic controls, 2398
  • proportional control, 2397-8
  • pumps and fluids, 2394-5
  • mechanical stiffness and vibration, 2388-9
  • open loop systems, 2385-6
  • pneumatic systems, 2395-6, 2399
  • synchros and resolvers, 2393
  • system application factors, 2385
  • Motors, electric, 2362-77, 2390-2

  • adjustable-voltage, shunt-wound, 2367
  • alternating current, 2367-70, 2375
  • characteristics, 2366-75
  • classes of standards, 2362
  • compound-wound, 2367
  • control, 2390-2
  • current definitions, 2362-3
  • DC, 2366-7, 2374
  • DC brushless, NC, 2389, 2390-1
  • DC brush-type, NC, 2390-1
  • design letters, 2362
  • direction of rotation, 2363
  • factors governing selection, 2371-3
  • frame sizes, standard, 2362,
  • high frequency induction, 2369
  • hydraulic, NC, 2394
  • injurious operating conditions, 2373
  • inspection schedule, 2376, 2377
  • locked rotor current and torque ratings, 2364, 2365
  • lubrication, proper, 2376, 2377
  • maintaining and repairing, 2376, 2377
  • mounting dimensions, standard, 2362
  • multiple speed induction, 2369
  • NEMA, 2362-5 (def.)
  • standards for, 2362-5
  • polyphase, 2364-5, 2367-8
  • polyphase wound-rotor, 2365
  • pull-up torque, 2365
  • rotation, standard direction, 2363
  • selection, 2371-3
  • shunt-wound, 2366-7
  • single-phase motors, 2369-70
  • speed reducer type, 2370-1
  • squirrel-cage induction, 2364, 2365, 2367
  • standards for, 2362, 2364-5
  • stepper, NC, 2389, 2390-1
  • synchronous, 2369
  • torque definitions, 2362-3
  • type, dc and ac, 2366-71, 2390
  • types and characteristics for different applications, 2374-5, 2390
  • used for motion control, 2390-1
  • variable speed, 2363
  • wound rotor induction, 2369
  • Mounted wheels and mounted points, 1137, 1141-3
    Mounting bearings, 2192-6, 2199-200
    Multiple or block indexing, 1913, 1914
    Multiplying numbers written in powers-of-ten notation, 18
    Muriatic acid, specific gravity, 373
    Music wire, gages, 2417-18

  • spring material, 284, 384
  • M-words, NC, 1186, 1187


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    N

    Nails and spikes, standard, 1380
    Narrow V-belts, 2285-91
    National Tube Co., 272
    Nautical measure, 2435
    NC programming, 1177-1222 (see also Numerical control)
    NEMA standards for electric motors, 2362-5

    Needle roller bearings,

  • cam follower, 2191
  • designations of, 2181
  • fitting and mounting practice, 2184
  • roller and cage assemblies, 2184
  • shaft and housing tolerances, 2185, 2186
  • tolerances, 2175, 2177-8
  • types of, 2166, 2167
  • Needle roller cam followers, 2191
    Negative functions of angles, 94
    Negative and positive numbers, 17-18
    Newton-meters into pound-inches, 2472
    Newton-Raphson method, 36
    Newton's laws of motion, 152
    Newtons into pounds force, 2472
    Nickel, melting point, 364, 369-70
    Nickel alloys, 575-7

  • machining, 1071-2
  • Nickel-chromium steels, SAE, 411-2

  • strength, 479
  • Nickel steels, 409-10
    Nitinol, machining, 1072
    Nitralloy steels, 504
    Nitric acid, specific gravity, 373
    Nitriding, 416, 504

  • high-speed steel tools, 518-19
  • ion nitriding, 504
  • Nitrogen, liquid temperature, 638
    Nodular cast iron, 1269
    Noise, machinery, 1238
    Nominal vs effective interest rates, 26
    Nondestructive testing symbols, 1342-3
    Nonferrous alloys, 532-80

  • machining, 1069-72 (see also Machining)
  • strength, 477, 480, 481, 532-78
  • Nonmetals, strength of, 481
    Normal,

  • distribution curve, 1153-4
  • pitch, circular and diametral, 1919 (def.)
  • positional deviation, 1153-4
  • pressure angle, 1920-1 (def.)
  • Normalizing, 413, 485 (def.), 500-1, 509-12

  • temperatures, 509-11
  • Norton Co., 1076, 1084-91
    Nozzles, flow of water through, 389
    Numbering systems,

  • for metals and alloys, 402-3
  • for steel, 403, 406, 408, 412
  • Number of nails and spikes in a pound, 1380
    Numbers,

  • positive and negative, 17-18
  • powers-of-ten notation, 18
  • preferred series, 20, 656, 681
  • prime, 4-12
  • progressions, 40-2
  • Numerical control, 1162-237

  • absolute programming, 1183
  • accuracy, repeatability, and resolution, 1153-7
  • adaptive control, 1171
  • addresses, letter, 1181
  • APT programming, 1202-19
  • circles, 1207-8, 1211
  • computational statements, 1203
  • example program, 1216
  • geometry statements, 1203
  • lines, 1205-6
  • motion statements, 1209-14
  • planes, 1210
  • points, 1204
  • postprocessor statements, 1214-7
  • tabulated cylinder, 1212
  • for turning, 1217-8
  • 3D geometry, 1212
  • automatically programmed tool (APT), 1202-19
  • axis nomenclature, 1173-5, 1176
  • backlash, 1175
  • binary, 1175
  • bit, 1166
  • block, 1180-2
  • byte, 1166
  • CAD/CAM, 1227-37
  • central processing unit, 1166
  • circular interpolation, 1191-3
  • closed-loop system, 1170
  • computer-aided part programming, 1178
  • control, adaptive, 1171
  • cutter compensation, 1189-91, 1219-22
  • cutter location data, 1180
  • decimal point programming, 1182
  • direct (or distributed) NC, 1237
  • drive motors, 2390-1
  • feed rate override, 1188
  • fixed (canned) cycles, 1196-9
  • flexible manufacturing cell, 1172
  • flexible manufacturing module, 1172
  • flexible manufacturing system, 1172
  • format detail, 1182
  • F-word, 1186, 1188
  • G-code addresses, 1182-6
  • helical interpolation, 1193
  • incremental programming, 1183
  • initial graphics exchange specification (IGES), 1235-6
  • insert holders for NC, 730-6, 1219-22
  • insert radius compensation, 1219-22
  • interpolation,
  • circular, 1191-3
  • helical and parabolic, 1193
  • linear, 1222
  • letter addresses, 1180, 1181
  • linear interpolation, 1222
  • machine platens, 1223-4
  • macro, 1194, 1195
  • manual data input, 1178
  • microprocessor, 1166, 1167
  • miscellaneous functions, (M-Words), 1186, 1187
  • open-loop system, 1170
  • parabolic interpolation, 1193
  • parametric,
  • expressions and macros, NC, 1194, 1195
  • programming, NC, 1195-6
  • subroutine, 1194-5
  • part programming, 1177-80
  • part tolerance symbols,
  • ANSI, 1158-61
  • compared to ISO, 630
  • points, lines, circles (APT), 1204-8
  • postprocessor, 1180, 1203
  • preload registers (G92), 1186
  • preparatory word, 1182-6
  • programmable controllers, 1166-70
  • programming,
  • absolute, 1183
  • incremental, 1183
  • NC, 1177-222
  • repeatability, accuracy, and resolution, 1153-7
  • sequence number, 1182
  • standards, 1164-5
  • subroutine, 1194-6
  • S-word, 1188-9
  • thread cutting, 1200, 1832-3
  • tool compensation, 1219-22
  • tool data table, 1189
  • tool length offset, 1190
  • tool nose radius compensation, 1189, 1219-22,
  • tool offset, 1189
  • total indicator reading, 1175
  • turning cycles, 1200
  • T-word, 1189-91
  • V-flange tool shanks, 1223, 1225-6
  • word, 1180, 1181
  • word address format, 1180, 1181, 1182
  • zero suppression, 1182
  • Nuts,

  • acorn, 1428
  • ANSI, inch dimensions,
  • flat jam, 1425
  • hex, 1418, 1419, 1424
  • hex flat, 1425
  • hex high, 1429
  • hex slotted, 1425-6
  • hex slotted high, 1429
  • hex thick slotted, 1426
  • jam, 1424
  • machine screw, 1493
  • square, 1418, 1419, 1427
  • T-type, 1573
  • types of, 1420
  • Unified, 1417-21, 1424-7
  • ANSI, metric dimensions,
  • heavy hex, 1471
  • hex, styles 2 and 3, 1468
  • hex flange, 1470
  • hex jam, 1471
  • prevailing torque, hex, 1472
  • prevailing torque, hex flange, 1473
  • slotted hex, 1469
  • British Standard,
  • Fine, 1476, 1477-9, 1511, 1523
  • ISO metric, 1480-1, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1486
  • metric, 1511, 1516, 1521
  • Unified, 1520, 1521-2
  • Whitworth, 1476-9, 1520-3, 1543
  • crown, low and high (SAE), 1428
  • eye nuts, 360
  • high, SAE, 1429
  • slotted, high hex (SAE), 1429
  • steels for, 421
  • wing nuts, 1619-23
  • wrench clearances, 1435, 1436
  • wrench openings, 1435, 1436
  • Nuts and bolts (see Bolts and nuts)
    Nut taps, 870, 882
    Nylon,

  • bearings, 2155
  • machining, 614-16
  • properties, 379, 595, 597, 598-9, 605, 618
  • rope, strength of, 355

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    O

    Obtuse-angled triangle, area, 60-1
    Octagon area, 60, 216

  • moment of inertia, 216-17
  • radius of flats or corners, 60
  • radius of gyration, 216-17
  • section modulus, 216-17
  • Octoid gear teeth, 1970
    Offhand grinding, 1128, 1136
    Oil feeding and grooving of bearings, 2117
    Oil impregnated bearings, 2155-7
    Oilless bearings, 2155, 2158
    Oils,

  • and compounds, machining, 1063-72
  • emulsifying or soluble, 1064
  • mineral, 1065-6
  • sulfurized and chlorinated, 1065-6
  • lubricating, 2226-9, 2236
  • viscosity unit conversion, 2113, 2228 (see also Lubricants and Lubrication)
  • tempering, 498
  • Open-end wrench clearances, 1436
    Open-loop system, 1170-1, 2385-6
    Order (sequence) of performing arithmetic operations, 22

  • O-ring, 2400-5
  • groove dimensions and clearances, 2401-3
  • ring materials, 2404-5
  • squeeze, 2400-1
  • surface finish in contact with, 2402-3
  • Oscillation, center and radius of, 149
    Ounces, avoirdupois, into grams, 2466
    Out of roundness, 701-2
    Oval head machine screws, 1500, 1501
    Oxygen,

  • gas in welding, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1363, 1364
  • specific gravity, 372

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    P

    Pack,

  • carburizing, 416
  • hardening, 503
  • Pan head machine screws, 1498
    Paper, bonding, 2381
    Pappus or Guldinus rules, 54
    Parabola,

  • area, 64
  • area of segment, 64
  • center of gravity, 138
  • constructing, 53
  • length of arc, 64
  • Parabolic interpolation, NC, 1193
    Paraboloid,

  • area and volume, 72
  • center of gravity, 140
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • radius of gyration, 148
  • segment, volume, 72
  • Parallelogram,

  • area, 58
  • center of gravity, 137
  • of forces, 121
  • Parametric subroutine, NC, 1194-6
    Part programming, NC, 1223
    Passivation of copper, 1377
    Patenting process in wire making, 485
    Patterns for castings, 1277-8

  • materials, 1277
  • metal, 1278
  • shrinkage allowances, 1277
  • varnish, 1277
  • weight of casting from, 1278
  • wood, 1277
  • Pearlite, 487, 488
    Pearlitic malleable iron, 1268
    PEEK plastics, 379, 582
    Pendulum, 186-7

  • conical, 186-7
  • simple and compound, 186-7
  • torsional, 186-7
  • Percentage, 24-5
    Percussion, center of, 149
    Perforated metals, strength and stiffness of, 232
    Perimeter of ellipse, 64
    Permanickel, machining, 1072
    PET plastics, 379, 582
    Petroleum, specific gravity, 373
    Phenolic plastics, 582, 2155
    Phosphor-bronze,

  • wire strength, 480
  • worm gearing, 2034
  • Phosphorus,

  • atomic weight, 364
  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • Physical vapor deposition (PVD), 748
    Piano wire, working stresses, 290, 293

  • at elevated temperatures, 296-7
  • Pillow block bearings, 2168
    Pinion, spur gear,

  • checking by measurement over wires, 2027, 2028
  • enlarged to avoid undercut, 1943-9
  • Pinions, steels for carburized, 421
    Pin method of checking gear sizes, 2009-25, 2027-8

  • allowance for backlash, 2019
  • for involute splines, 2063
  • wire diameters, 2018, 2024
  • Pin method for checking screw threads, 1785-1802
    Pin method for checking V-shaped grooves, 697
    Pins,

  • clevis, 1574
  • cotter, 1574, 1585, 1588
  • dowel, 1575-80
  • grooved, 1584-8
  • metric dowel, 1575, 1576
  • spring, 1589-90
  • straight, 1579-81
  • strength of taper, 212-13
  • taper, 1581-4
  • Pintle chains, 2337

    Pipe and pipe fittings, 2422-30

  • ANSI Standard wrought steel, 2425, 2426
  • British threads, 1783
  • columns, 259, 262-3
  • cross-sectional area of metal, 2425, 2426
  • cubic contents for given length, 391, 2425, 2426
  • definitions, 2422, 2428-9
  • Dryseal threads, 1778-81
  • flow in, 2427
  • gallons per foot, 391, 2425, 2426
  • grades of, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426
  • heat loss from uncovered steam, 366
  • length per cubic foot, 2425, 2426
  • loads, table of, 262-3
  • moment of inertia, 2425, 2426
  • plastics, 2428-30
  • radius of gyration, 2425, 2426
  • reamers, taper, 823
  • schedule numbers, 2423-4
  • sealing joints, 1382-3
  • section modulus, 2425, 2426
  • steel, welded and seamless, 2423, 2424
  • taps, dimensions, 885, 890-2
  • Briggs and Whitworth, 1831
  • British Standard, 1825-7
  • Internal Dryseal, 1780
  • power for driving, 1831
  • straight, 870, 891, 892, 893
  • tap drills,
  • taper, 870, 890, 891
  • threads,
  • American National Standard, 1772-81
  • British Standard, 1782, 1783
  • Dryseal, 1778-81
  • measuring by wire method, 1800, 1801
  • straight, 1776, 1777
  • taper, 1772-5
  • weight per foot, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426
  • weight per foot formula, 2422
  • wrought steel, 2422-4
  • Pitch,

  • broach teeth, 924-7
  • circular, of gears, 1919 (def.), 1922, 1923 (illus.), 1924
  • diameters, gears,
  • bevel, 1920 (def.), 1971, 1973
  • circular pitch, 1939
  • pin method of checking, 2009-25, 2027, 2028
  • helical, 1856, 1984
  • spur, 1920 (def.), 1922, 1939
  • worms, 1981
  • diameters, roller chain sprockets, 2343, 2344
  • diameters, thread, (see also type of thread)
  • checking, 1784-1802
  • lead angle at, 1856
  • metric, M profile, 1690-1, 1692, 1694-99
  • for tensile stress area, 1407
  • Unified, 1640-9, 1654-76
  • wire sizes for measuring, 1787
  • diametral, of gears, 1919 (def.), 1922, 1923 (illus.), 1924
  • gear, 1920 (def.), 1922
  • point, 1920 (def.)
  • rivets, 1381, 1385, 1386
  • screw threads, measuring, 1784
  • worms, 1980
  • Plain bearings, 2104-59

  • allowable pressures, 2121
  • boundary lubrication mode, 2107
  • circumferential-groove, 2104
  • classes of, 2104
  • clearances, 2121
  • cylindrical-overshot, 2106
  • cylindrical-undershot, 2106
  • design, 2107, 2118-48
  • displaced elliptical, 2106
  • elliptical, 2106
  • elliptical-overshot, 2106
  • full film operational mode, 2107, 2108
  • grooving and oil feeding of, 2117
  • hardness and surface finish, 2111
  • heat radiating capacity, 2117
  • hydrostatic, 2107
  • journal or sleeve, 2104-7, 2117-30
  • length-to-diameter ratio, 2121
  • lubricants, 2115-17 (see also Lubricants)
  • lubrication analysis, 2120-30
  • lubrication methods, 2112-14
  • machining, 2111-12
  • materials, 2149-58 (see also Bearing materials, plain)
  • mixed-film lubrication mode, 2108
  • modes of operation, 2107-8
  • multiple-groove, 2106
  • nutcracker, 2107
  • oil grooves, 2117-21
  • operating temperatures, 2122-30
  • pivot-shoe, 2106
  • pressure, 2106
  • retaining methods, 2108-10
  • sealing methods, 2110-11
  • sleeve or journal, 2104-7, 2117-30
  • surface finish and hardness, 2111
  • three-lobe, 2106
  • thrust, design, 2130-48
  • types, 2104-7
  • viscosity conversion table, 2113, 2228
  • viscosity temperature chart, 2114
  • Plain milling cutters, 771
    Plain washers, inch, 1437-44

  • metric, 1474-5
  • Plane figures, areas and dimensions, 58-69
    Planetary gearing, 1999-2002

  • compound drives, 2002
  • Planetary thread milling, 1853, 1854
    Planing,

  • estimating cutting speeds, 1039
  • power required, 1041-9
  • speeds and feeds, 1039
  • time, 1040
  • tool grinding, 727
  • Plaster of Paris, weight, 371
    Plastic region, 193 (def.)
    Plastics, 583-620

  • assembly with fasteners, 612-14
  • bonding, 608-9, 2378-84
  • chemical resistance of, 598-9
  • definitions, 584-6
  • design,
  • for assembly, 608-12
  • for injection molding, 603-8
  • developing prototypes, 616-17
  • draft angles and depth of draw, 607
  • drilling speeds and feeds, 615
  • effects of temperature, 594-6
  • elastomers, 583
  • electrical properties, 596-7
  • environmental effects, 597-600
  • finishing, 617
  • gearing, 618-20
  • accuracy, 620
  • backlash, 620
  • service factors, 619
  • tooth form factors, 619
  • machining, 614-17
  • materials, 583
  • mechanical properties, 586-94
  • effect of temperature on, 594-6
  • related to time, 592
  • mixtures, 583-4
  • modulus E, 591
  • modulus G, 589, 590
  • physical properties, 584-6
  • density, 584
  • opacity, 585
  • shrinkage, 584
  • water absorption, 584
  • pipe and fittings, 2428-9 (def.)
  • sawing, speeds and numbers of teeth, 616
  • structural analysis, 600
  • structures, 583
  • thermal properties, 594
  • thermal stresses, 602
  • thermoplastic, 583
  • thermosetting, 583
  • Vicat softening point, plastics, 594
  • wall thicknesses, 604, 605
  • Plastics bearings,

  • anti-friction, 2168
  • laminated, plain bearings, 2155, 2158
  • sleeve, 2155, 2158
  • Plastics materials, 582-4

  • machining, 614-17
  • Plastics pipe, 2428-30

  • joining, 2428-9
  • pressure ratings, 2430
  • properties and use of, 2429
  • weights and dimensions, 2428
  • Platens, machine, NC, 1223-4
    Plates,

  • flat, strength and deflection of, 266-8
  • shells and cylinders, strength of, 266-72
  • Plating, chromium, 1362
    Platinum, melting point, 364
    PLC (programmable logic control), 1166-70
    Plow steel haulage rope, strength of, 336-42, 353-4
    Points, lines, circles, (APT) NC, 1204-8
    Poise, 2113, 2228, 2235, 2451
    Poisson's ratio, 193 (def.), 266

  • plastics, 589
  • for various materials, 193, 268, 383
  • Polar,

  • moment of inertia, 275 (def.), 142-5, 226, 275-6
  • section modulus, 226 (def.), 275, 276
  • Polishers, spindles for portable, 1147
    Polishing and buffing, 1374-5

  • abrasives, 1374
  • speeds, 1375
  • wheels for, 1374-5
  • Polycarbonate plastics, 379, 582, 595, 605, 615, 618
    Polygon,

  • area, 60, 83
  • of forces, 121
  • formulas and table, 83
  • length of side, 83
  • radius of circumscribed circle, 60, 83
  • radius to flats or corners, 60
  • radius of inscribed circle, 60, 83
  • shafts, 2075, 2076
  • Polyphase motors, 2364-5, 2367-8, 2375
    Polypropylene plastics, 379, 582, 595, 605, 615, 2429
    Polysulphone plastics, 582, 595, 605, 615, 2429
    Polyurethane plastics, 379, 582, 595, 605, 615, 618, 2405
    Porosity, pressure die castings, 1279
    Porous bearings, 2155-7
    Portable grinding, 1128, 1136

  • safety, 1107
  • Portable tools,

  • hexagonal chucks for, 1145
  • hexagonal shanks for, 1145
  • spindles and drives for, 1144-7
  • Positional deviation, mean, 1153-4
    Positional tolerances, 632
    Positioning accuracy, 1153-6
    Positive and negative numbers, 17-18
    Positive clutches, 2245
    Positive functions of angles, 94
    Postprocessor, NC, 1180, 1203
    Potential energy, 154-5
    Pound force, 116
    Pound-inches into newton-meters, 2472
    Pounds,

  • per cubic foot into kilograms per cubic meter, 2469
  • per cubic inch into grams per cubic centimeter, 2469
  • force into newtons, 2472
  • into kilograms, 2466
  • per square foot into kilograms per square meter, 2467
  • per square inch into kilograms per square centimeter, 2467
  • per square inch into kilopascals, 2468
  • Powdered metal bearings, 2155-7
    Powder metallurgy, 1288
    Power,

  • brush finishing, 1370-3
  • constant for machining, 1041
  • for driving pipe taps, 1831
  • heat equivalents, 2468
  • in mechanics, 114 (def.)
  • required for machining, 1041-9
  • and roots of numbers, 17
  • of-ten notation, 18-19
  • work formulas, 160
  • Power transmission,

  • belting, 2280-1, 2284, 2295, 2303, 2310, 2314, 2332
  • chain, 2354, 2356-60
  • friction wheels, 2253, 2254
  • wire rope, 336-45
  • Precipitation,

  • hardening, 484 (def.)
  • heat-treatment, 562
  • Precision,

  • bolts and screws, British, 1477-8, 1480-2, 1485
  • gage blocks, 716-18
  • investment casting, 1282-4
  • Preferred,

  • basic sizes, ANSI Standard, 643, 658, 659
  • fits, ANSI Standard, 659-61
  • hole basis metric fits, ANSI Standard, 659-65
  • metric sizes,
  • ANSI Standard, 658
  • British Standard, 681
  • numbers, 20
  • British Standard, 681
  • series of basic sizes, 643
  • series for tolerances and allowances, 644
  • shaft basis metric fits, ANSI Standard, 660, 666-9
  • thicknesses for flat metal products, metric, 2421
  • thicknesses for uncoated metals and alloys, 2419
  • Preload registers, (G-114 word) NC, 1186
    Preparatory word, (G-word) NC, 1182-6
    Present,

  • value and discount, 27, 31
  • worth, 28, 31
  • Presses,

  • design of flywheels for, 172
  • power, shut height, 1242
  • Pressure, 118-19 (def.)

  • comparison of various unit of, 387
  • and flow of water, 385-91
  • unit conversion, 387, 2437, 2449-50, 2467-8
  • Pressure angle,

  • cams, 2086-7, 2090-2
  • gearing, 1920 (def.), 1921, 1923
  • Press work, 1240-51 (see also Dies, sheet metal and Stamping)
    Prime numbers and factors, 3-12
    Prism,

  • moment of inertia, 144
  • volume and area, 66
  • volume formula, 54
  • Prismoidal formula for volume, 54
    Profile checking, gearing, 1952
    Programmable logic controller, NC, 1166-70
    Programming,

  • absolute, NC, 1183
  • APT, 1202-18
  • G-code, 1180-202
  • incremental, NC, 1183
  • numerical control, 1177-218
  • Progression,

  • arithmetical, 40, 41
  • geometrical, 40, 42
  • Projected tolerance zone, 632
    Prony brake dynamometer, 2253
    Properties,

  • elements, 364
  • of materials, 477-81
  • air, 392-3
  • aluminum alloys, 557-71
  • ceramics, 378
  • copper alloys, 532-56
  • copper-silicon and copper-beryllium alloys, 579-80
  • copper-zinc-tin alloys, 481
  • investment casting alloys, 380-1
  • magnesium alloys, 572-4
  • metals, 477-81
  • nickel alloys, 575, 576-7
  • nonferrous alloys, 480, 532-81
  • pipes, 391
  • plastics, 379
  • powdered metal alloys, 382
  • specific gravity, 371-3
  • spring wire, 384
  • standard steels, 404-45
  • titanium alloys, 575, 578
  • tool steels, 446-76
  • water, 385-7
  • wood, 374-6
  • mechanical, 192-3, 432-41, 443, 479-81
  • compressive, 194
  • fatigue, 194
  • shear, 194
  • of various materials, 383
  • strength, 384, 432-41, 443, 479, 480, 481, 565-70
  • effect of heat or temperature on, 478-81, 594-6
  • thermal, 365-70, 481
  • Proportion, 22-5

  • compound, 22-5
  • inverse, 24
  • Proportional limit, 192 (def.)

  • plastics, 598
  • Protractor, reading vernier scale on, 683
    PTFE plastics, 379, 582, 615, 2155, 2384
    Pulleys (sheaves),

  • center distances, V-belt, 2284-2336
  • diameter of V-belt, 2286-9, 2293-4, 2301-2, 2309, 2313, 2319, 2329-31, 2336
  • differential, 135
  • flat belt, 2281
  • flywheel, 171
  • rules for calculating diameters and speeds, 2282-3
  • speeds, rpm into feet per minute, 977, 979-80, 1832
  • Pulleys and belt drives, 134, 135, 2280-336

  • flat belt, 2280-3
  • lengths of open and crossed belts, 2281, 2283
  • Pulleys and sheaves, V-belt, 2284-336
    Pulleys and wheels in mechanics, 134, 135
    Pulley taps, 882
    Pull-up torque, 2365
    Punches, steels for, 457-8
    Punches and dies, 1240-5 (see also Dies, sheet metal)

  • steel for, 457-8
  • steel for hot-working, 457-8
  • Punching, pressures required, 1242
    Punch presses,

  • design of flywheels for, 172-5
  • speeds and pressures, 1242
  • PVC plastics, 379, 582, 615, 618, 2429
    PVDF plastics, 379, 582
    Pyramid,

  • center of gravity, 139
  • frustum, center of gravity, 139
  • volume, 66
  • moment of inertia, 144
  • volume of, 66

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    Q

    Quadrant, 94
    Quadratic equations, 33, 34
    Quality, 622-5
    Quartz, specific gravity and weight, 371
    Quenching, interrupted, 495-7

  • isothermal, 497
  • Quenching baths, 413, 493-7

  • media, 414-15
  • tanks for, 495

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    R

    Rack,

  • gear, 1921 (def.), 1926
  • milling, indexing, 1916
  • spline, metric, 2070
  • Radians, 185 (def.)

  • equivalent to degrees, 92-3
  • Radium, atomic number, 364

  • melting point, 364
  • Radius,

  • of arc, checking, 697-8
  • of curvature, 2092-4, 2098
  • of gyration, 143, 146-9
  • angles, steel, 2413-15
  • channels, aluminum, 2416
  • channels, steel, 2412
  • I-beams, 2407-10, 2416
  • I-beams, aluminum, 2416
  • pipe, 2425, 2426
  • S- or W-shapes, steel, 2411
  • structural angles, 2413-15
  • various cross-sections, 214-24
  • wide flange, steel, 2407-10
  • of oscillation, 149
  • Rails,

  • size to carry given load, 258
  • strength of, 258
  • Rake angles,

  • checking milling cutter, 800-3
  • turning tool, 720, 724, 725
  • Rankine, degrees, 2432
    Rankine's formulas for columns, 259, 261
    Rasps, 1368
    Ratchet gearing, 2003, 2004
    Rate of return (interest), 25-32

  • prospective, 28-32
  • Rating life, bearings, 2203-12
    Ratio,

  • compound, 22
  • contact, in gearing, 1919 (def.), 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1950
  • epicyclic gearing, 1999-2002
  • fractional, change gears for, 1838
  • gear,
  • for differential indexing, 1898-9
  • method of determining, 1921
  • geometrical, 40, 42
  • inverse or reciprocal, 22
  • and proportion, 22
  • slenderness, columns, 259
  • V-belt drives, 2284-335
  • Ream, paper, 2437
    Reamer arbors, driving slots and lugs for shell, 821
    Reamers, 805-24

  • ANSI Standard, 811-24
  • arbors for shell, 821
  • Brown & Sharpe taper socket, 823
  • center and countersink, 811
  • centers for, 811
  • chucking, 813, 816-18, 819, 820
  • die-maker's, 824
  • difficulties with, 810
  • drills for taper pin, 1582-4
  • driving slots and lugs for shell, 821
  • expansion chucking, 812
  • expansion hand, 815
  • finishing, 822
  • fluting cutters for, 807, 808
  • fluting to obtain negative rake, 805
  • hand, 814, 815
  • jobbers, 816
  • machine, 818
  • Morse taper socket, 822
  • pipe, 823
  • rose chucking, 807, 819, 820
  • shell, 820
  • steels for, 457
  • stub screw machine, 818
  • taper, milling teeth, 794
  • taper pin, 824
  • taper pin reamers, drills for, 1581-4
  • taper pipe, 823
  • teeth, irregular spacing, 805, 806
  • terms applying to, 812, 813
  • threaded end, hand, 806
  • tooth-rest position for grinding clearance, 809
  • Reaming,

  • cutting speeds for,
  • copper alloys, 1034-5
  • ferrous cast metals, 1031-2
  • light metals, 1033
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 1024-6
  • stainless steels, 1030
  • tool steels, 1029
  • difficulties, 810
  • feeds and speeds on automatic screw machines, 1051
  • taper pin, 1583
  • Rearrangement and transposition of terms in formulas, 21-2
    Recalescence point in steel hardening, 490
    Recesses, square and cross-shaped, for machine screws, 1502

  • for self-tapping screws, 1548
  • Recessing tools, speeds, 1052
    Reciprocal or inverse ratio, 22
    Reciprocals of numbers, 17
    Rectangle, area, 58
    Rectangles, table of section moduli, 226
    Rectangular section,

  • moment of inertia, 215, 224
  • radius of gyration, 215, 224
  • section modulus, 215, 224
  • Refrigeration of steel, 520-3
    Relative density, 370 (see also Specific gravity)
    Relief and rake angles,

  • indicator drop method of checking, 800-3
  • for single-point cutting tools, 724
  • for single-point thread cutting tools, 1834, 1835
  • Repeatability, accuracy, and resolution, 1153
    Replacement-gear dimensions, calculating, 2039-41
    Resinoid bonded wheels, 936, 1074

  • thread grinding, 1847
  • Resolution, 1153
    Retaining rings,

  • ANSI Standard metric, 1592-9
  • failure of, 1609, 1611, 1614
  • groove design and machining, 1614-15
  • inch, 1600-16
  • selection, 1591, 1595, 1605, 1607, 1609
  • standards, 1616-17
  • Retention knobs, V-flange tool shanks, 1223-6
    Reyn, 2113, 2228
    Rigidity,

  • modulus of (shear), 193
  • spring materials, 328, 329
  • Ring,

  • area and volume, 54, 72
  • circular area, 62
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • radius of gyration, 146
  • stresses in loaded, 212
  • Rivet,

  • ANSI Standard, 1388, 1392-4
  • belt, 1393
  • British Standard, 1388, 1395-8
  • button head, 1389, 1394
  • cone head, 1389
  • cooper's, 1392
  • countersunk, 1387, 1390, 1392-6
  • diameters for given plate thicknesses, 1381
  • excess length to form head, 1387
  • flat head, 1394
  • hold-on or dolly bar sets, 1391
  • large rivets, standard, 1388-90
  • material, 1382
  • pan head, 1389, 1394
  • pitch, 1381, 1385-6
  • sets, dimensions of impressions in, 1391
  • shearing strength, 1385-6
  • small rivets, standard, 1388, 1392-4
  • spacing, 1381
  • steel, 421, 1382
  • strength, 1383
  • tinner's, 1393
  • truss, 1392
  • types of, 1381
  • Riveted joints, 1381-7

  • allowable stresses, 1383
  • design of, 1381-7
  • double and triple, 1240, 1385
  • efficiency, 1383, 1384
  • holes for, 1381
  • joint failure, 1382-3
  • joint strength, 1383-4
  • rivet length for forming heads, 1387
  • rivet materials, 1382
  • types of riveted joints, 1381
  • working strength, 1383
  • RMS (root mean square), 707
    Rockwell-Brinell hardness conversion tables, 526-30
    Rockwell hardness (see also
    Hardness),

  • relationship to Brinell, 530
  • test, 524, 526-30
  • Rod gages, 2417
    Roebling wire gage, 2417-18
    Rolled threads, electric socket and lamp base, 1771

    Roller bearings, 2159, 2162-202, 2207-13, 2215-18

  • ABEC and RBEC tolerances, 2181
  • alignment and squareness, 2193-4
  • allowance for axial displacement, 2179
  • barrel type, 2166
  • bearing closures, 2196
  • cage materials, 2168-9
  • clamping and retaining methods, 2195
  • clearances, running, 2199, 2200
  • closures, 2196
  • cylindrical type, 2162, 2163, 2165-6
  • design and installation considerations, 2179
  • designation of, 2181
  • failures, 2201, 2202
  • fits, 2196
  • flanged housing, 2168
  • friction losses in, 2197
  • handling precautions, 2200, 2202
  • housing bore tolerances, 2181, 2182
  • housings, soft metal and resilient, 2194-5
  • life, 2202
  • life adjustment factors, 2212
  • limitations for, 2208
  • location and seating, 2192-6
  • locknuts and shafts, 2188-90
  • lockwashers, 2187
  • lubricants, 2234-6 (see also Lubricants)
  • lubrication, 2199
  • materials for, 2168
  • method of designation, 2181
  • mounting, 2192-6, 2199-200
  • needle type, 2166, 2167, 2184-6 (see also Needle roller bearings)
  • pillow block, 2168
  • plastics, 2168
  • quiet or vibration-free mountings, 2195
  • radial and axial clearance, 2199-200
  • rating life of radial, 2208-12
  • seating fits for, 2195
  • selection, 2198-9
  • self-aligning, 2164
  • shaft and housing fits for, 2196
  • metric radial, 2179, 2180, 2183
  • special or unconventional types of, 2168
  • spherical type, 2166
  • squareness and alignment, 2193-4
  • static equivalent load, 2217-18
  • static load rating of, 2215, 2216
  • steel for rollers, 421
  • tapered, 2165, 2167
  • tapered roller thrust type, 2165, 2167
  • thrust, 2164, 2165, 2167, 2176
  • tolerances for, 2169-78
  • torque, starting, 2197
  • types of, 2162-8
  • Roller chain transmission (see Transmission chain)
    Rolling contact bearings, 2159-218
    Rolling friction or resistance, 189-90
    Rolling screw threads, 1842-6

  • in automatic screw machines, 1844
  • cylindrical die machines, 1842
  • diameter of blank, 1843
  • diameter of threading roll, 1844
  • flat die machines, 1842
  • speeds, and feeds, 1845, 1846
  • steels for, 1843
  • Root mean square, surface texture, 707
    Roots, finding square and cube, 17
    Roots and powers of numbers, 17
    Rope,

  • Manila, safe loads and strength, 354, 361
  • nylon, safe loads and strength, 355
  • safe loads for, 353-5
  • slings, strength, 354, 355
  • weight per 100 feet, 361
  • wire, 333-351 (see also Wire rope)
  • definitions of terms, 333, 334
  • strength and properties, 334, 336-42
  • winding drum, grooves for, 343, 344, 361
  • Rose chucking reamers, 807, 819, 820
    Rotary file or burs, 1369
    Rotary motion,

  • formulas, 151
  • formulas for accelerated, 151
  • Rotating parts, balancing, 165-70
    Roughness,

  • control of, 703-15
  • cutoff, 705, 712
  • height values, 706
  • symbols indicating degree of, 704, 706
  • Round head machine screws, 1502

  • British Standard, 1521, 1523
  • Rpm,

  • into radians per second, 185
  • for various cutting speeds and diameters, inch units, 979, 980
  • metric units, 981, 982
  • for various grinding speeds and diameters, 1109
  • RS-232-D interface, 1164
    Rubber,

  • bearings, 2155, 2158
  • bonded grinding wheels, 1074
  • bonding, 2380
  • mold casting, 1275
  • turning, 1041
  • Running,

  • balance, 165-70
  • fits, allowances, 645-9

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    S

    SAE Standards,

  • babbitt metals, 2152, 2153
  • bearing metals, 2152, 2153
  • crown or acorn nuts, 1428
  • die casting alloys, 1280, 1281
  • high nuts, 1429
  • spark plug threads, 1765
  • steel specification numbers, 406-10
  • taper shaft ends, 2260
  • V-belts, 2336
  • Woodruff keyseat cutters, 793
  • SAE steels,

  • basic numbering system, 406-10
  • castings, 1272
  • compositions, 406-10
  • heat treatments for, 445, 509-12
  • numbering system for, 406-10
  • Safe loads for wire rope, 336-42
    Safe speeds,

  • flywheels, 178-80
  • grinding wheels, 1107, 1108
  • Safety,

  • factors of, 197
  • flange couplings, 2237
  • for flywheels, 178-80
  • for wire rope, 340, 341
  • Salt, common, weight, 371
    Salt baths for heat treating, 492
    Sand, weight, 371
    Sand blast cleaning, 1276
    Sanders, spindles for portable, 1146
    Sandstone,

  • and limestone, strength, 481
  • specific gravity and weight of, 371
  • Saws,

  • band, 1057-62
  • circular, arbors for, 1144
  • metal-cutting, speeds, 1040
  • metal-slitting, 774
  • sharpening files, 1366, 1367
  • Saw tooth,

  • clutches, 2247-8
  • threads, 1742
  • Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS), 2228, 2235
    Scalar and vector quantities, 119
    Sclerometer, 530
    Scleroscope, 525, 526, 527
    Screw,

  • force for turning, 135
  • mechanical principle of, 135
  • Screw machines,

  • automatic, 1050-5
  • automatic box-tools, 1051
  • cam and tool design, pointers, 1054, 1055
  • drilling speeds and feeds, 1051
  • drills, 827-34, 838
  • forming speeds and feeds, 1051, 1052
  • forming tools, 757-68
  • forming tools with rake, 759, 762
  • knurling, 1050, 1052
  • reamers, stub, 818
  • reaming speeds and feeds, 1052
  • speeds and feeds, 1051, 1052
  • stock required for given production, 1055, 1056
  • threading cams, 1050
  • thread rolling, 1844-6
  • Screws,

  • and bolts, 1417 (def.)
  • British Standard,
  • inch, 1476-9, 1511-23, 1538-44
  • ISO, 1751-60
  • metric, 1480-5, 1511-20, 1538-41
  • Whitworth, 1476-9, 1520-3, 1543
  • British Unified, 1520-2
  • cap, 1421, 1524-9 (see also Cap screws)
  • cap, metric, 1446
  • drive, 1545, 1546, 1560
  • grade markings for steel, 1414
  • heavy hex, 1421
  • hex, 1419
  • lag, 1422, 1423, 1456
  • load to break threaded portion of, 1416
  • machine (see Machine screws)
  • Metric,
  • cap, 1446
  • clearance holes, 1457
  • designation, 1457
  • diameter-length combinations, 1449, 1451
  • diameters, 1448
  • flange, 1449, 1458
  • formed, 1447
  • heavy hex, 1448
  • identification symbols, 1457
  • ISO, 1480-2, 1485-6
  • ISO British Standard, 1751-60
  • materials and mechanical properties, 1455
  • reduced body diameter, 1453
  • socket, 1538-9
  • thread lengths, 1449
  • thread series, 1457
  • self-threading, 1545-70 (see also Self-threading screws)
  • set, 1531-3, 1535-6, 1538-43
  • sheet metal (see Self-threading screws)
  • shoulder, 1530
  • sockets for, 1534, 1540
  • tap drills, 1815-30
  • thumb, 1624, 1627-8
  • Unified Standard, 1417, 1419-21, 1520-2
  • wing, 1619, 1624-6, 1628
  • wood, 1618
  • Screws, jig and fixture,

  • button head, 1544
  • heavy hex, 1421
  • hex, 1419
  • load to break threaded portion, 1416
  • self-cutting (see Self-threading screws)
  • set (see Set screws)
  • Screw stock, 424

    Screw threads and thread systems, 1630-1783

  • inch, 1631-5 (def.)
  • metric, 1677-8 (def.)
  • Acme, 1716-41 (see also Acme threads)
  • American National form, 1630
  • angle test by wire method, 1797-1800
  • ANSI,
  • Acme, 1716-41
  • buttress, 1743-9
  • form or profile, 1630
  • head recesses, 1502, 1548
  • head types, 1545-6
  • ANSI M-profile, 1677-700
  • allowances, 1684-5
  • basic profile, 1678, 1681
  • coarse pitch, 1682
  • coated threads, 1686
  • crest and root form, 1678, 1681, 1683
  • designations, 1689, 1693, 1700
  • design profile, M series, 1678, 1682
  • fine pitch, 1683
  • formulas for limiting dimensions, 1687
  • lengths of engagement, 1685, 1688
  • limiting, 1694-711
  • limits and fits, 1681
  • limits of size, 1687, 1692-3, 1694-9
  • major diameter tolerances, 1693
  • minor diameter tolerances, 1689
  • pitch diameter tolerances, 1690-1
  • profile data, 1680
  • symbols, 1679
  • thread series, 1683
  • tolerance grades, 1684-5, 1687
  • ANSI-MJ profile, 1701-2
  • ANSI-Unified, 1630-76
  • basic dimensions, 1640-9
  • classes, 1652
  • definitions, 1631-5
  • designations, 1653
  • internal and external profile, 1637
  • standard series, tables of, 1639, 1654-76
  • symbols, 1652, 1653
  • thread form, 1630, 1636-8
  • British Standard,
  • buttress threads, 1750
  • ISO metric, 1751-60
  • pipe, 1782, 1783
  • UNJ profile, 1751
  • Whitworth, 1761-3
  • changing pitch slightly, 1854
  • classes of tolerance, 1642-3, 1648, 1650-2, 1725, 1726, 1746-8
  • cutting, change gears, 1836
  • fractional ratios, 1838
  • definitions, 1631-5
  • designation of Unified threads, 1640-50, 1652-76
  • diameters of wires for measuring,
  • American and Whitworth, 1787
  • Dryseal pipe, 1778
  • electric socket and lamp base threads, 1771
  • formulas for three-wire measurement, 1786
  • gages for screw threads, 1803-9
  • classification, 1803
  • standard tolerances, 1806, 1807
  • for Unified screw threads, 1803
  • grinding, 1847-51
  • centerless method, 1851
  • helix angle, 1640-9
  • hole sizes for tapping Unified threads (see Tap drill diameters)
  • hose coupling, 1766-70
  • inserts, 1560
  • instrument makers', 1771
  • interference fit threads, 1710-15
  • International Metric thread system, 1750
  • ISO metric, 1751-60
  • lag screw, 1422, 1423
  • metric, 1456
  • length of engagement, 1415
  • limits,
  • Class 1A and 1B, 1655-76
  • Class 2A and 2B, 1654-76
  • Class 3A and 3B, 1654-76
  • Class 5, 1710-13
  • lock-nut pipe, 1776, 1777
  • Löwenherz, 1750
  • measuring, 1784-802 (def.)
  • metric series threads,
  • ANSI M profile, 1677-1700
  • ANSI MJ profile, 1701-2
  • British Standard ISO metric, 1751-60
  • micrometers for measuring pitch diameters, 1784
  • microscope, 1771
  • milling, 1550-2, 1852-4
  • classes of work, 1854
  • miniature, 1705-9
  • multiple, designation, 1653
  • National standard form or profile, 1630
  • nonstandard small size 0000, 000, and 00 screws, 1498
  • pipe,
  • ANSI Standard, 1772-81
  • British Standard, 17823
  • Dryseal, 1778-81
  • measuring, 1800, 1801
  • straight, 1776-7
  • taper, 1772-5
  • pitch, changing slightly, 1854
  • pitch, maximum when die cut, 1854
  • rolled threads, 1771
  • rolling, 1842-6
  • in automatic screw machines, 1844
  • profiles, 1786
  • saw-tooth, 1742
  • selection of Unified threads, 1652
  • sharp V-type thread, 1630
  • spark plugs, 1765
  • standard series Unified threads, 1639
  • strength of, 1415-16
  • stress areas, 1407, 1415-16, 1718
  • stub-Acme screw threads, 1717, 1735-41
  • stub thread, 60-degree, 1741
  • studs, tolerances, 1712, 1713
  • stud threads, 1699-715
  • symbols used for standard, 895
  • tap drill sizes, 1815-30
  • taper, measurement by wire method, 1800-1
  • 10-degree modified square thread, 1742
  • thread forms, 1630
  • tolerances (see type of thread)
  • trapezoidal metric threads, 1703
  • Unified,
  • allowances, 1650-1, 1654-76
  • coarse thread series, 1636, 1639, 1640, 1654-76
  • coated, 1650-3
  • combination of classes, 1652
  • crest clearances, 1650-1
  • designation, 1652-3
  • design profile, 1637
  • dimensions, 1654-76
  • external and internal thread forms, 1630, 1636-8, 1705-7
  • fine and extra fine series, 1636, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1654-76
  • 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, 28-, and 32-pitch series, 1639-49
  • hole sizes for tapping, 1653
  • limits, 1650-1, 1654-76
  • miniature screw thread, 1705-9
  • selection, 1652
  • thread classes, 1642, 1643, 1648, 1650, 1651, 1652
  • thread form, data and formulas for, 1637, 1638
  • thread forms, 1636, 1637
  • thread minor diameter tolerances, M series 1689
  • thread series, 1636, 1639
  • tolerances, 1650-3
  • UN and UNR, 1636-7
  • U.S. Standard, 1630
  • watch, 1705-9
  • wire method of checking, 1785-802
  • wire sizes for checking pitch diameters, 1787
  • worm threads, 1980-3
  • Sealants, 2382

  • gasket materials, 2382-3
  • pipe joining, 2383-4
  • Sealing bearings, 2110, 2111
    Seasoning steel, sub zero, 520-3
    Secant, 85
    Secant modulus (plastics), 588
    Section lining, standard for drawings, 628
    Section modulus,

  • angles, 220-3, 2413-5
  • formulas for various sections, 214-24
  • I-beams, 2407-11, 2416
  • pipe, 2425, 2426
  • polar, 226, 275-6
  • rectangles, table for, 225, 226
  • round shafts, table for, 226-31
  • structural shapes,
  • angles, steel, 2413, 2415
  • channels, aluminum, 2416
  • I-beams or S-shapes,
  • aluminum, 2416
  • steel, 2411
  • wide flange, steel, 2407-10
  • steel, 2412
  • for torsion, 226, 256, 276
  • Sector,

  • circular,
  • area and dimension formulas, 62
  • center of gravity, 137
  • spherical,
  • area and volume, 70
  • center of gravity, 140
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • Segment,

  • circular, 62, 81-2
  • area, 62, 81-2
  • center of gravity, 137
  • height for given angle and radius, 81-2
  • ellipsoid or spheroid, center of gravity, 140
  • elliptic, center of gravity, 138
  • parabola, area, 64
  • paraboloidal, volume, 72
  • spherical,
  • area and volume, 70
  • center of gravity, 138, 140
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • Seizing and cutting wire rope, 345
    Self-tapping screws, (see Self-threading screws)

    Self-threading screws, 1545-60

  • cross recesses, 1548
  • designations, 1545-6
  • drive type, 1545-7, 1549
  • head types, 1545-6
  • hole sizes for, 1553-60
  • self-tapping inserts, 1560
  • thread and point types, 1547-8
  • thread cutting types, 1545, 1548, 1550, 1552
  • thread forming types, 1545-7, 1549, 1551
  • torsional strength requirements, 1560
  • types of, 1545-6
  • Self-threading screws, metric, 1561-70

  • designations, 1561
  • head types, 1561
  • hole sizes for, 1565-70
  • material, 1564
  • recommended lengths, 1563
  • thread cutting types, 1561-2, 1564
  • thread forming types, 1561-3
  • thread and point types, 1562
  • Sequence number, NC, 1182
    Series, infinite, 35, 98
    Serrations (see
    Involute, spline)
    Set-screws,

  • American National Standard, 1531-6
  • British Standard metric, 1538-43
  • British Standard Whitworth, 1543
  • fluted socket type, 1532
  • headless, 1531
  • hexagon socket type, 1532-3, 1540-1
  • holding power, 1543
  • spline socket type, 1532
  • square head type, 1536, 1543
  • Sevolute functions, 98
    Shackle and end-link chain, 358
    Shaft deflection, linear, 277

  • torsional, 275, 277
  • Shafts, 273-82

  • allowances and tolerances for fits, 635-81
  • British Standard for fits, 671-80
  • brittle materials, formulas for, 281
  • checking for various conditions of, 699-700
  • critical speeds of, 183-4, 281
  • effect of keyways on strength, 280-1
  • factor of safety, 273
  • hollow, 279, 282
  • horsepower transmitted by, 273-4, 277
  • linear deflection, 277-8
  • moment of inertia, polar, 226-31, 273, 275-6
  • polygon type connections, 2075-6
  • round, section moduli, 226-31
  • section modulus, polar, 275-6
  • steel, diameters of, 278
  • strength, 273-5
  • taper ends, SAE Standard, 2260
  • torsional,
  • deflection, 275, 277
  • strength, 273-5
  • transmission, design of, 278-80
  • Shanks,

  • brazing carbide tips to, 1304
  • brazing high-speed steel tips to, 1294
  • hexagonal, for portable tools, 1145
  • taper, 904-14
  • Shapes,

  • of grinding wheels, 1076-84
  • of mounted wheels and points, 1141-3
  • Shaping, speeds and feeds, 1039
    Sharpening,

  • carbide tools, 935
  • drills, 933, 934
  • Sharp V-thread, 1630
    Shaving, gear teeth, 1931, 1934
    Shear,

  • formulas for, 202-3
  • modulus of, G,
  • plastics, 589, 590
  • spring materials, 328, 329
  • various materials, 383
  • properties, 194
  • spring design, 329
  • stress, 192 (def.)
  • combined with tension or compression, 204
  • theory of failure, 278
  • Shearing strength,

  • cast iron, 479
  • rivets, 1385-6
  • steels, 479
  • wrought iron, 479
  • Shears,

  • design of flywheels for, 172-3
  • steel for hot-working, 458
  • Sheaves,

  • for V-belt drives, 2285-9, 2292-4, 2300-2, 2309, 2313, 2317, 2319, 2336
  • for wire rope, 332-4 (see also Wire rope)
  • Sheet metal,

  • bending allowances, 1245-50
  • screws, 1545-60 (see also Self-threading screws)
  • and wire gages, 2417-21
  • Sheet sizes for drawings, 626
    Shell,

  • blanks, diameters, 1243-6
  • mills, 776
  • molding, 1274
  • reamer arbors, driving slots and lugs for, 821
  • reamers, 820
  • Shells, plates and cylinders, strength of, 266-72
    Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), 1317-21
    Shielding gases,

  • GMAW,
  • welding aluminum, 1304
  • welding stainless steel, 1303-4
  • Shipping measure, 2435
    Shocks, stresses in springs, 257

  • stresses produced by, 255-6, 257
  • Shore's scleroscope, 525, 526, 527
    Shoulder screws, 1530
    Shrinkage allowance, patterns, 1277, 1280, 1281, 1282

  • investment casting, 1283
  • Shrinkage fits, 638-41, 646, 654, 655
    Shut height, power press, 1242
    SI (see Système International d'Unités)
    Side milling cutters, 772
    Sigma (standard deviation), 1154-5
    Significance of accuracy, 1153-7
    Signs and abbreviations,

  • mathematical, 2
  • scientific and engineering, 2473-4
  • Silicon,

  • carbide grinding wheels, 935-6
  • in steel (welding), 1300-1
  • Silver,

  • bearings, 2155
  • brazing filler alloys, 1296
  • melting point, 364
  • SI metric units, use of, 114, 117-19
    Simple,

  • indexing, 1872, 1900-7
  • proportion, 23
  • stresses, 198, 203
  • Simpson's rule, 55-6
    Sine, 85
    Sine bar, use of, 687-9
    Sines, law of, 86
    Single-angle milling cutters, 775, 781
    Single-point cutting tools, 720-8, 736-43, 858-62

  • angle tolerances, 737-43
  • carbide tips and inserts for, 736-43
  • chipbreakers, 726-7
  • definitions and terms, 720-4
  • end cutting edge angle, 726
  • indexable inserts, 727-30
  • insert toolholders, 728, 730-5, 1219-22
  • lead angles, 725-6
  • nose radius, 726, 742
  • numerical control tool compensation, 1219-22
  • planing tools, 727-8
  • rake angles, 724-5
  • relief angles, 724
  • relief angles for thread cutting, 1834, 1835
  • side cutting edge angles, 725-6
  • tip overhang, 737
  • tool contour, 720
  • tool holders, indexable inserts, 728, 730-5
  • Sinking funds, 28
    Sintered carbide tools, ANSI Standard, 736, 744-56 (see also
    Carbide tools)

  • tool materials, 971-3
  • Sintered metal bearings, 2155-7
    Sixty (60)-degree stub threads, 1741
    Sixty (60)-degree V-belts, 2322-3
    Skin effect in castings, 1279
    Slate,

  • cutting speed for, 1041
  • specific gravity and weight, 371
  • Sleeve bearings, 2117-30 (see also Plain bearings)
    Sleeves, Morse taper, 907
    Slenderness ratio of columns, 259
    Slides, measuring, 690, 697
    Slings, strength of rope and chain, 354-6
    Slings and fittings for wire rope, 346-9
    Slipping clutches, couplings, 2244
    Slitting saws, metal, 774
    Slots for T-bolts, ANSI Standard, 1571
    Slug, 116
    SMAW (shielded metal arc welding), 1317
    Society of Automotive Engineers (see SAE)
    Socket,

  • ANSI hexagon and spline, 1534
  • head, screw type,
  • British Standard metric, 1538-42, 1544
  • cap, 1526-9, 1539
  • drill and counterbore sizes for, 857, 1527
  • keys and bits for, 1537
  • shoulder, 1530
  • set, 1532-4, 1541-2
  • reamers, Morse taper, 822
  • taper shank, 904-14
  • threads for electric, 1771
  • wrench clearances, 1436
  • Soldering, 1290-3

  • alloys for, 1291
  • aluminum, 1292
  • fluxes, 1290, 1292
  • magnesium, 1292
  • methods, 1290-3
  • stainless steel, 1292
  • ultrasonic fluxless, 1292-3
  • Solders, 1290, 1291

  • brazing, 1293, 1296-9
  • silver, 1290, 1291
  • Solid film lubricants, 2234
    Soluble oils for machining operations, 1064
    Solution heat treatment, 484 (def.)
    Sorbite, 498
    Sound level specifications, 1238
    Space cutters, roller chain sprockets, 2349, 2352-3
    Spacing holes on jig borer, 954-65

    Spade drills and drilling, 863-9

  • feed rates for, 867
  • geometry of, 863-6
  • power consumption and thrust for, 868
  • Spandrel, or fillet area, 62

  • center of gravity, 137
  • Spark plugs, screw threads, 1765

  • British Standard, 1765
  • taps, 887
  • Spatter, (welding), 1320, 1323, 1324, 1327

    Specific gravity, 370-2 (def.)

  • conversion to, from Baumé's hydrometer, 373
  • gases, 372
  • liquids, 372, 373
  • miscellaneous substances, 371
  • oils, 2228
  • plastics, 379
  • Specific heat, 365, 366
    Speed reducers, motors, built-in, 2370, 2371
    Speeds,

  • calculating cutting speeds, 977, 978-82
  • critical, of rotating body, 183-4
  • critical, of rotating shafts, 183-4, 281
  • pulleys, rules for calculating, 2282-3
  • rpm for different diameters and cutting speeds, 977, 978-82
  • Speeds and feeds, machining (see also Cutting speeds and feeds)

  • abrasive belt grinding, 1129-32
  • bandsawing, 1059-62
  • CBN grinding wheels, 1086
  • cutting, 614-16, 867, 970-1041, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1059-62
  • cylindrical grinding, high-speed, 1113-14
  • drilling, 1023-37, 1051
  • diameters and rpm, 978
  • feeds for spade drills, 867
  • form-turning, 1051, 1068
  • general, 970-1052
  • grinding wheels,
  • maximum peripheral speeds, 1108-9
  • truing and dressing, 1095-7
  • wheel and work speeds, 1850
  • grinding with diamond wheels, 1104-5
  • honing, 1133-5
  • milling, 1003-23
  • nonferrous metals, 1069-72
  • plastics, 614-16
  • reaming, 1023-37, 1052
  • rotary burs and files, 1369
  • sawing,
  • band, 1059-62
  • circular, 1040
  • shaping, 1039
  • slit and slot milling, 1003, 1005-20, 1022-3
  • superalloys, 1002
  • surface grinding, 1126-8
  • tapping and thread cutting, 1024-34, 1037-8, 1052, 1812
  • thread rolling, 1845-6
  • titanium and alloys, 1001
  • tool life, 975, 983, 984-6
  • adjusting, 755-6, 997-9, 1003, 1021, 1023
  • tool steels,
  • drilling reaming, and threading, 1029
  • milling, 1010-11
  • turning, 992-3
  • turning, 987-1002
  • carbon and alloy steels, 988-93
  • copper alloys, 1000
  • ferrous cast metals, 995, 996
  • hard-to-machine materials, 1002
  • light metals, 999
  • speeds and feeds, 987-1002, 1052
  • stainless steels, 993-4
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium, 1001
  • tool steels, 992
  • Sphere,

  • area and volume, 70
  • half of hollow, center of gravity, 140
  • hollow, radius of gyration, 148
  • hollow, volume, 70
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • radius of gyration, 148
  • Spherical,

  • sector,
  • area and volume, 70
  • center of gravity, 140
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • segment,
  • area and volume, 70
  • center of gravity, 140
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • surface, center of gravity, 138
  • shells, strength to resist internal pressure, 269-71
  • wedge, area and volume, 70
  • zone,
  • area and volume, 70
  • center of gravity, 138
  • Spheroidal graphite iron, 479, 1269
    Spheroidizing, 413, 500-1, 502
    Spheroid segment, center of gravity, 140
    Spikes and nails, standard, 1380
    Spindle function, NC, 1188-89
    Spindle noses,

  • with large flange, 922
  • milling machine, 918, 919, 922
  • toolholders for, 920-1, 1225-6
  • Spindles for portable tools, 1144-7
    Spiral bevel gears,

  • applications, 1968
  • mountings, 1969
  • tooth contact, 1967
  • Spiral gearing (see Helical, gearing)
    Spiral milling (see Helical, milling)
    Splines, involute, 2042-70 (see also Involute, splines)

  • socket keys and bits, 1537
  • straight-sided 2071-4,
  • milling, 797
  • Spraying process, flame (metal), 1289
    Spray transfer (welding), 1303

    Spring, 283-332

  • arbor diameters for, 332
  • Belleville, 327
  • clock, 327
  • compression, formulas for, 299
  • conical compression, 327
  • constant force, 327
  • copper-base spring alloys, 286-7
  • deflections for,
  • compression, 302-5
  • extension, 302-5
  • torsion, 320-3
  • design data, 297-332
  • elevated temperature stresses, 296
  • endurance limit for spring materials, 293-6
  • extension, 307-11
  • extension spring design, 309-11
  • failure in, 331
  • flat, 328
  • heat treatment of, 328, 329
  • helical, shock stresses produced in, 257
  • helical compression spring design, 298-306
  • high-carbon spring steels, 284
  • index, 297-8
  • leaf, 421
  • materials, 284-8, 420-2
  • miscellaneous, 327
  • moduli of elasticity, 328
  • motor, 327
  • music wire arbor diameters, 332
  • nickel-base spring alloys, 287-8
  • pins, 1589-90
  • shock stresses produced in helical, 257
  • spiral, 327
  • stainless spring steels, 285-6
  • steels for, 284-6, 420, 422
  • stresses, 289-97
  • stresses produced by shocks, 257
  • tolerances for compression and extension, 311-5
  • tolerances for torsion, 325-7
  • torsion bars, 327
  • torsion modulus, 328, 329
  • torsion spring design, 315-25
  • volute, 327
  • wire,
  • diameters for, 284
  • maximum working temperature, 287
  • tensile strength, 384
  • Sprocket chain transmission, 2337-61 (see also Transmission chains)
    Sprockets,

  • idler, 2348
  • link chain, 362
  • roller chain, 2338, 2342-54
  • Spur gearing, 1923-54

  • AGMA Standards, 1918-21, 1960, 1961
  • AGMA tolerances for fine pitch gears, 1961
  • American National Standard tooth forms, 1925-9
  • angular backlash, 1964
  • backlash, 1919 (def.), 1958-64, 2019
  • basic dimensions, 1932
  • blanks for fine pitch gears, 1955
  • caliper measurement of tooth, 1938
  • cast, 2030-2
  • center distance, variable, 1932, 1933-4, 1935, 1936
  • center distance calculations, 1932-5
  • checking gear size, 2009-28
  • chordal,
  • addenda and thicknesses for milled full-depth teeth, 1936-7, 1941-2
  • addendum, 1919 (def.), 1937, 1941-2
  • measurement, 2025-7
  • thickness, 1919 (def.), 1936-8, 1941-2, 1978
  • circular pitch system, 1924, 1935, 1939
  • circular thickness for given outside diameter, 1935, 1936, 1943-5
  • composite error inspection, 1964
  • composite teeth, 1922, 1926, 1929-30
  • contact, highest point of single tooth, 1951, 1954
  • contact, lowest point of single tooth, 1950, 1953
  • contact diameter, 1949, 1950, 1953
  • contact ratio, 1919 (def.), 1945-8, 1950
  • data on drawings, 1955-7
  • definitions of terms, 1919-22
  • diameters for hobbing, preshaving, and shaping, 1931
  • diametral pitches shown full size, 1923
  • diametral pitch system, 1923, 1924
  • dimensions, formulas for, 1922
  • drawing data, 1955-7
  • enlarged pinions, 1943-9, 1994-6
  • Fellows stub tooth systems, 1930
  • fine-pitch, 1928, 1929, 1945-8, 1955, 1994
  • full-depth, teeth, 1925, 1926, 1929-30, 1936-7, 1941-2, 1944
  • gear milling cutters, series of, 1940-2
  • metric module, 1940
  • gear tooth parts, 1919-22 (def.), 1926-30
  • checking, 2009-28
  • German standard tooth form, 2005
  • hob tip radius, maximum, 1951, 1954
  • interference, avoiding, 1943, 1944
  • internal, 1965, 1966
  • involute curve properties, 1924
  • measurement over pins, 2009-25, 2027, 2028
  • measurement of tooth with caliper, 1938
  • milling cutters for, 1940
  • metric module, 1940
  • module system, 2005-8
  • nonmetallic, 618-20, 2035-8,
  • outside and root diameters, 1931, 1939
  • pin method of checking, 2009-25, 2027, 2028
  • pitch diameters, tabulated, 1939
  • pressure angles, 1920 (def.), 1921, 1923, 1922
  • profile checker settings, 1952
  • reduced gear, 1943-9
  • replacement gear dimensions, 2039-41
  • root and outside diameters, 1931, 1939
  • set center distance, 1932-5
  • shaving, 1931, 1934
  • steels for industrial, 2029-32
  • tooth,
  • dimensions, 1926-30
  • forms, 1925-30
  • proportions, 1928, 1929
  • thickness allowance for shaving, 1931, 1934, 1935
  • thickness measurement, 1935-37, 1938, 1941-2, 1943, 1962, 2025-7
  • true involute form (TIF) diameter 1951, 1952, 1954
  • undercut, avoiding, 1943-9
  • undercut, limit for hobbed gears, 1951, 1954
  • wire method of checking, 2009-25, 2027-8
  • Square,

  • area, 58
  • circles of area equal to, 80
  • distances across corners, 84
  • recesses, for machine screws, 1502
  • for self-tapping screws, 1548
  • roots of numbers, 17
  • sections,
  • moment of inertia, 215
  • radius of gyration, 215
  • section modulus, 215
  • of wire diameters, 330
  • Squeeze casting, 1275
    Squirrel cage induction motors, 2364, 2367
    S-shapes, structural steel, 2411

  • moment of inertia, 2411
  • radius of gyration, 2411
  • section modulus, 2411
  • weight per foot, 2411
  • Stabilizing gages, 520, 521
    Stainless steels, 405 (def.), 411-12, 427, 428

  • characteristics and applications, 429
  • compositions, 411-12
  • cutting, flame, 1363
  • mechanical properties, 440-1
  • soldering, 1292
  • soldering, ultrasonic, 1292
  • speeds for drilling, reaming, and threading, 1030
  • speeds for milling, 1012-13
  • speeds for turning, 993-4, 1002
  • strength, 479
  • Stamping,

  • blank diameters, 1243
  • die clearances, 1240
  • drawing operations, 1241-2
  • fine blanking, 1252-3
  • lubricants for, 1241
  • pressures required, 1242
  • punches, dies and presswork, 1240-51
  • steel rule dies, 1254-6
  • Standard deviation, 1153-5
    Standard steels, 404-45

  • classification, 404-8
  • hardenability, 414-15
  • hardness, 414-15
  • numbering system, 408, 412
  • Standards, NC, 1164-5
    Standard wire gage (SWG), 2417-18
    Static,

  • balancing, 165
  • equivalent load, bearings, 2213-6
  • load rating, bearings, 2213-16
  • Statics, 114
    Stayed surfaces, flat, 266
    Steel,

  • agricultural, 420
  • alloy, compositions of SAE, 409-10
  • alloy, general properties, 434-9
  • applications of SAE, 420-2
  • Bessemer, 424
  • carbon, SAE compositions, 407-8, 419, 423-4
  • carbon steel structure, 487, 488
  • carburizing grades, 509, 510
  • carburizing methods, 503, 504
  • case hardening, 502-12
  • cast, 1269-73
  • castings, 1269-76
  • chromium, compositions, 411, 412, 428
  • chromium-nickel austenitic, 411, 427-8
  • cobaltcrom, 513
  • cobalt high-speed, 456, 855
  • coil springs, 422
  • cold heading, 420
  • color of heated, 500
  • columns, pipe, 259, 262-3
  • compositions of SAE, 406-10
  • compositions for tools, 446-79
  • corrosion-resisting, 427-31
  • crankshaft, 420
  • cutlery, 420
  • deep-drawing, 419, 420
  • Founders' Society of America, 1270, 1272, 1278
  • free-cutting, 424
  • free-cutting, manganese, 450
  • free-cutting, stainless, 429
  • gages, 458
  • gear castings, 2030-2
  • gearing, industrial, 2029-32
  • hardenability, 414-15
  • hardening, 490-7
  • hardness, 414-15
  • hardness of heat-treated, 434-9, 477, 478, 479
  • hardness and tensile strength relationships, 477-8, 530
  • heat treatment, 412-14, 482-523
  • of high speed steel, 513-20
  • high-speed, 454 (see also High-speed steel)
  • high-strength, low-alloy, 406, 442-5
  • hot-working, for dies, shears, 455
  • hypereutectoid, 487
  • hypoeutectoid, 487
  • induction hardening, 506
  • key stock, 421
  • manganese, SAE compositions, 406, 409-10, 450
  • molybdenum,
  • compositions, 406, 409-10, 427-8
  • heat-treating, 517, 518
  • high-speed, 460, 461, 516
  • nickel, SAE compositions, 406, 409-10, 427
  • nickel-chromium, SAE compositions, 406, 409-10, 427-8
  • SAE compositions, 409-10
  • nitriding, 416, 504
  • numbering systems for, 406-10
  • oil-hardening types, 468
  • pipe,
  • ANSI standard, 2423, 2424
  • columns, allowable concentric loads, 262-3
  • properties of heat-treated, 455, 456, 477, 479
  • quality classification, 417
  • quality variations, 417
  • rivets, 421, 1382
  • rolled, shape designations, 2406
  • rule dies, 1254-6
  • SAE compositions, 406-10
  • SAE heat treatments recommended, 445, 509-12
  • SAE specification numbers, 406
  • screw stock, 424
  • seamless tubing, 422
  • sheet, standard gage, 2419-20
  • silicon-manganese, SAE compositions, 409-10
  • stainless, 411-12, 427, 428
  • strength, 477-9
  • strength and hardness data, 434-9, 477-9
  • strength of heat-treated, 477, 478, 479
  • structural shapes, 2406-15
  • subzero treatment, 520-3
  • taps, 457, 1811
  • tool, 446-76
  • tool and die, 455-6
  • tools of different types, 457-8
  • tungsten,
  • compositions, 462-4
  • heat treating, 513-6
  • high-speed, 462-6, 513-16
  • twist drill, 855
  • vanadium, 450
  • wrought, 2422
  • Steel rule dies, 1254-6
    Stellite alloy, 973
    Step bearings, 2130, 2136-9
    Stock, amount required for screw machine production, 1055, 1056
    Stoke, 2113, 2228, 2235, 2451
    Straight

  • line column formula, 259
  • pins, 1579-81
  • pipe threads, 1776-7
  • Strain, or unit strain, 192 (def.)
    Strength of,

  • riveted joints, 1383
  • screws and bolts, 1415-16, 1455, 1485-6
  • wire rope, 334-42
  • Strength of materials, 192-3 (def.)

  • AISC column formula, 265
  • angles, lengths of bent, 2406
  • AREA column formula, 259
  • beams, 233-48
  • beams, shock stresses in, 255-6
  • bending, 203
  • channels, elements of, 2406, 2412, 2416
  • columns, 259-65
  • Euler formula for, 260
  • Johnson formula for, 260
  • combined stresses, 204-12
  • compression, 192, 194, 203
  • critical speeds of shafts, 183-4, 281
  • curved beams, 252-5
  • cylinders, 268-72
  • definitions, 192-3
  • deflection of beams, 233-45, 249, 252
  • Euler formula, 260-1
  • factors of safety, 178-80, 197
  • ferrous metals, 477-9
  • flat plates, 266-8
  • formulas, general, 203
  • Gordon column formula, 259, 261
  • heat-treated steels, 434-9
  • hoop stress, 602
  • thick-walled tube, 601
  • thin-walled tube, 601
  • influence of temperature, 478-81
  • Izod impact, 379, 434-5
  • J. B. Johnson column formula, 260, 264
  • keyways in shafts, 280-1
  • linear deflection in shafts, 277
  • mechanical properties, 192-3 (def.)
  • metals, properties of, 477-81
  • miscellaneous materials, 481
  • moment of inertia,
  • built-up sections, 213-15
  • table, 213, 214-24
  • nonferrous metals, 477-8, 480
  • perforated metals, 232
  • pipe columns, 259, 262-3
  • plates, shells, and cylinders, 266-72
  • polar moment of inertia, 226, 273, 275-6
  • polar section modulus, 226, 273, 275-6
  • rails, 258
  • Rankine, column formula, 259, 261
  • rings, stresses and deflections, 212
  • section moduli tables, 214-24, 225-31
  • shafts, 273-82
  • brittle material formula for, 281
  • critical speeds of, 183-4, 281
  • effect of keyways on strength of, 280-1
  • former American Standard design code for, 278-80
  • horsepower transmitted by, 273-4, 277
  • torsional strength of, 273-5
  • shear, 192, 194
  • shells, spherical, 270-1
  • shocks, stresses produced by, 255-6
  • simple stresses, 198
  • springs, shock stresses in, 257
  • steels, 477-9
  • straight-line column formula, 259
  • stress, 118-19, 192 (def.)
  • analysis, 531
  • areas of screw threads, 1415-16
  • concentration factors, 198, 199-202
  • relieving, 414
  • rotating disks, 181
  • working, 197-8
  • struts or columns, 259-65
  • taper pins, strength of, 212-13
  • temperature effects, 478-81
  • tensile,
  • strength, 193 (def.), 375, 378, 380-1, 384
  • stress, 192 (def.)
  • torsional strength of shafting, 273-81
  • tubes, 271-2
  • working stresses, 197-8
  • yield, 193 (def.), 375, 378, 380-1, 384
  • Stress,

  • alternating, 194-5
  • area of thread, 1407, 1416, 1718
  • in beams, 198-212, 233-56
  • in bolts when tightening, 1402, 1408-13
  • combined, 204-12
  • contact, in cams, 2099
  • cyclic, 194
  • in flywheel rims, 176-7
  • in involute splines, 2059
  • in loaded ring, 212
  • produced by shocks, 255-7
  • in shafting, 263-4, 278-80
  • simple, 198-200
  • in springs, 257, 289-97
  • three-dimensional, or triaxial, 204-6
  • working, of various materials, 197-8
  • Stress-strain curves, 192
    Structural shapes,

  • aluminum, 2416
  • steel, 2406-15
  • angles, properties of, 2413-5
  • channels, properties of, 2412
  • I- or S-shapes, properties of, 2411
  • standard designations, 2406
  • strength, 479
  • wide flange, properties of, 2407-10
  • Struts or columns, strength of, 259-65
    Stub Acme screw threads, 1717, 1735-41

  • alternative, 1741
  • ANSI Standard, 1735-40,
  • designations, 1739
  • formula for determining diameters, 1736
  • limiting dimensions for, 1737-8, 1739
  • thread data, 1740
  • thread form, 1717, 1736
  • wire sizes for checking, 1797-9
  • Stub screw machine reamers, 818
    Stub's iron and steel wire gage, 2417-18
    Stub threads, 29- and 60-degree, 1853-8
    Stub tooth gearing, 1926, 1930

  • Fellows, 1930
  • former American Standard, 1926, 1930
  • outside and root diameters, 1922, 1931
  • Studs, British, 1476, 1487

  • drive, 1585, 1588
  • Stud threads, 1710-15
    Subprogram, NC, 1194
    Subroutine, NC, 1194-6
    Subzero treatment of steel, 520-3
    Superalloys, speeds for turning, milling and drilling, 1002
    Superhard tool materials (CBN), 754-56, 974, 1002, 1074, 1086, 1091, 1101
    Surface,

  • finish and hardness of bearings, 2111
  • grinding, 1121-8
  • advantages, 1122
  • common faults and possible causes in, 1127, 1128
  • principal systems, 1122, 1124-5
  • process data for, 1126, 1128
  • selection of grinding wheels for, 1073-85, 1122, 1123, 1126
  • hardening,
  • laser, 512
  • electron beam, 512
  • of revolution, area, 55
  • roughness,
  • measurements, 709
  • produced by common production methods, 708
  • produced by laser cutting, 1350
  • relationship to tolerances, 707-9
  • speeds, diameters and rpm,
  • cutting speeds formula, 977, 978-82, 1832
  • grinding wheels, 1107, 1109
  • pulleys and sheaves, 977, 979-80, 1832
  • texture, 705-7 (def.)
  • applying symbols, 711-15
  • castings, 714
  • control and production, 703
  • drawing practices for symbols, 710
  • measurement of, 705-7
  • measurement by light wave interference bands, 702
  • root mean square, 707
  • Surveyor's measure, 2435, 2442
    SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds), 2228, 2235
    Swing frame grinding, 1137
    Swiss pattern files, 1368
    S-word, NC, 1188-9
    Symbols,

  • ANSI Y14.5M Standard geometric characteristic engineering drawing, 630
  • accuracy symbols and feature control blocks, 1158-61
  • datum referencing, 631
  • section lining, 628
  • applying surface texture, 711-15
  • arc and gas welding, 1333-41
  • brazing, 1295
  • chemical elements, 364
  • concentricity, ANSI, 630, 1160
  • diameter, ANSI, 630, 1159
  • diamond wheel marking, 1098-102
  • drawing practices for surface texture, 710
  • fits, 645
  • grinding wheel markings, 1075, 1076
  • involute splines, 2046, 2055
  • mechanics, 115
  • nondestructive testing, 1342, 1343
  • parallelism, ANSI, 630, 1160
  • perpendicularity, ANSI, 630, 1161
  • roundness, ANSI, 630, 1159
  • runout, ANSI, 630, 1161
  • screw thread, for tap marking, 895
  • surface profile, ANSI, 630, 1159
  • surface texture, 710-15
  • tolerances, 658
  • total runout, ANSI, 630, 1161
  • welding, 1333-43
  • Symbols and abbreviations, 2, 2473-4
    Synchronous belts, 2323-33, 2335
    System, flexible manufacturing, NC, 1172

    Système International d'Unités, 2437-44

  • definition of units, 2443, 2444
  • in mechanics calculations, 117-19
  • in strength of materials calculations, 192
  • use of, 114, 117-9

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    T

    Tangent, 85
    Tanks,

  • contents at given level, 56-7
  • cylindrical, capacity in gallons, 56-7
  • quenching bath, 495, 496
  • Tantalum, melting point, 364
    Tantung alloy, 973

    Tap drill diameters, 1815-31 (see also Tapping and thread cutting)

  • Acme, 900
  • British Standard ISO metric, 1825, 1826
  • cold form tapping, 1829, 1830
  • effect of diameter when tapping, 1815
  • machine screw sizes, 1823
  • pipe taps, 1831
  • Taper (see also Tapers)

  • per foot and corresponding angles, 691
  • keys, 2256, 2257, 2259, 2266, 2267, 2270, 2272, 2273, 2276, 2277
  • measurement methods, 689-93
  • pin reamers, 824
  • pin reaming, 1583
  • pins, standard, 1581-4
  • drills for, 1581-4
  • strength, 212-3
  • pipe taps, 885, 890-1
  • pipe threads, 1772-5
  • reamers,
  • Brown & Sharpe, 823
  • Morse, 822
  • shaft ends, SAE Standard, 2260
  • Tapered,

  • land thrust bearing, 2130, 2139-45
  • roller bearings, 2165, 2167
  • roller thrust bearings, 2165, 2167
  • Tapers,

  • American (ANSI) Standard, 904, 910-6
  • applications of standard, 909
  • British Standard, 906
  • Brown & Sharpe, 904, 908
  • collets, 966-8
  • gages for self-holding, 915
  • Jacobs, 917
  • Jarno, 904, 909
  • machine tool spindles, 909
  • measuring with sine bar, 688
  • measuring with V-block and sine bar, 689
  • milling machine spindles, arbors and spindle noses, 918-22
  • Morse, 904-7, 909
  • Morse stub taper shanks, 906
  • rules for figuring, 692
  • self-holding and self-releasing, 904, 910-15
  • steep machine, 910, 916
  • Tapping screws (see Self-threading screws)

    Tapping and thread cutting, 1810-41

  • automatic screw machine, 1052
  • British Standard drill sizes, 1825-7
  • cold form, 1828-30
  • cutting oils, 1066
  • cutting speed for, 1024-6, 1029-35, 1037-8
  • high-speed CNC, 1832-3
  • holes for tapping miniature screw threads, 1825, 1826
  • hole sizes before tapping, Unified threads, 1815-21, 1824-5, 1826
  • lubrication, 1066
  • maximum pitches of die cut threads, 1854
  • power required for pipe taps, 1831
  • removing a broken tap, 1830-1
  • specific materials, 1812-15
  • speeds, 1024-6, 1029-35, 1037-8, 1052, 1812
  • square threads, 875-8, 902
  • tap drills (see also Thread, cutting)
  • Acme threads, 900
  • for American form threads, 1822, 1823
  • clearance drills for machine screws, 1823
  • diameters, 1815, 1831
  • for ISO metric threads, 1827
  • tap thread H- and L-limits, 893, 895-6
  • Taps, 871-3 (def.)

  • Acme, 897-900
  • adjustable, 899
  • ANSI Standard, 871-97
  • British Standard ISO metric series, 901-3
  • collapsing, 900
  • cut thread limits, 887, 890-1, 892
  • definitions, 871-3
  • fits, classes obtained, 886
  • fractional inch sizes, 887-9
  • ground thread limits, 883, 888-94
  • H- and L-limits, 893, 895-6
  • hand, dimensions of standard, 874-7, 883
  • hand, types of, 870
  • limit numbers for ground-thread taps, 896-7
  • machine screw, 878-81, 884
  • marks or symbols for identifying threads on taps. 893, 895-7
  • metric sizes, 883-4, 887
  • multiple-thread taps, marking, 897
  • nitriding of, 1811
  • nut, 870, 882
  • pipe, 870, 885, 890-2
  • power for driving, 1831
  • tap drills for, 1831
  • taper, 885, 890, 891, 892
  • pitch increased to compensate for shrinkage, 1854
  • pulley, 870, 882
  • rake angles of, 1812
  • removing broken, 1830, 1831
  • selection of, 1810-12
  • serial, 1811
  • sparkplug, 887
  • spiral fluted, 881, 883, 1811
  • spiral pointed, 870, 876, 877, 880-1, 884, 1810, 1811
  • square thread, 897-900
  • steel for, 458, 1811
  • straight fluted, 874-6, 878, 883
  • straight pipe, 885, 891, 892
  • surface treatment of, 1811
  • terms, 871
  • thread series designations, 895
  • tolerances, 887-95
  • types of, 870
  • Unified thread form, 1630
  • Tar, specific gravity, 373
    Taylor,

  • principle in GD&T, 626
  • tool life equation, 984
  • T-bolts and T-slots, ANSI Standard, 1571, 1572
    Teflon (TFE) bearings, 2155, 2158
    Temperature,

  • absolute, 2432
  • bearings, 2117, 2118, 2122, 2123
  • boiling points, various substances, 365
  • of carbon dioxide, solid, 638
  • changes in length due to, 367, 682
  • critical, heat treating of steel, 484, 487, 488
  • effect on working stresses, of springs, 296
  • Fahrenheit and Celsius (Centigrade), 2432-4
  • of freezing mixtures, 368
  • of ignition, various materials, 368
  • influence on strength of metals, 478-81
  • judging by color, steel, 500
  • of lead bath alloys, 499
  • maximum operating,
  • ceramics, 378
  • plastics, 379
  • melting point,
  • elements, 364
  • metals, 369-70
  • of nitrogen, solid, 638
  • required to develop tightening stress in bolt, 1406
  • Temper designations, aluminum alloy, 558-61
    Tempering, 415, 486 (def.), 498-500 (see also Heat treatment)

  • double, 499
  • steel, 413, 498-500
  • Ten-degree modified square thread, 1742
    Tensile,

  • modulus (plastics), 379, 588
  • stress, 192 (def.)
  • Tensile strength,

  • aluminum alloys, 565-70
  • ceramics, 378
  • copper alloys, 533-56
  • copper-beryllium alloys, 580
  • copper-silicon alloys, 579
  • ferrous and non-ferrous metals and metal alloys, 477-80
  • heat-treated steel, 434-9
  • investment casting alloys, 380-1
  • iron and steel, 477-8
  • magnesium alloys, 574
  • nickel, 576-7
  • stainless steel, 440-1
  • steel, 432-3, 434-9, 443
  • relation to hardness, 477-80, 528-30
  • titanium alloys, 578
  • Thermal,

  • conductance, 367
  • conductivity, 367, 369-70
  • contraction, 638
  • cracking of cutting tools, 1068
  • energy, 2432-7
  • expansion coefficients, 367, 369-70, 378, 379, 595, 682
  • stresses, 602, 682
  • treatment of steel (see Heat treatment)
  • Thermometer scales, 2432-4
    Thicknesses, preferred,

  • metal products, 2421
  • uncoated metals and alloys, 2419
  • Thread,

  • Acme, 1716-41
  • angle, wire method of testing, 1797
  • change gears for lathe, 1836-40
  • for fractional output, 1838
  • modifying the quick change gearbox output, 1838-40
  • chasing, cutting speeds for, 1024-6, 1029-36, 1037-8
  • checking by three-wire method, tables, 1792, 1793, 1797
  • cutting, 1834-40 (see also Tapping and thread cut ting)
  • numerically controlled, 1200-2, 1832-3
  • square, 897-99
  • designation symbols for, 895, 1652, 1653
  • on taps, marks and symbols for identifying, 895, 896
  • dies, maximum pitches, 1854
  • forms, standard (see Screw threads and thread systems)
  • gages (see Gages, ANSI Unified thread)
  • grinding, 1847-51
  • accuracy obtainable, 1847
  • centerless method, 1851
  • crushing method of forming wheels, 1851
  • number of wheel passes, 1849
  • from the solid, 1849, 1851
  • truing wheels, 1850
  • wheel grain size, 1851
  • wheel hardness of grade, 1851
  • wheel speeds, 1850
  • wheel types for, 1847-52
  • wheel and work rotation, 1850
  • work speeds, 1850
  • milling, 1852-4
  • changing pitch of thread slightly, 1854
  • classes of work for, 1854
  • multiple cutter method, 1852-3
  • on numerically controlled machines, 1200-2, 1832-3
  • planetary method, 1853
  • single cutter method, 1852
  • rolling, 1842-6
  • advantages of process, 1842
  • automatic screw machines, 1844
  • blank diameter, 1843
  • diameter of threading roll, 1844
  • dies, cylindrical, 1842-4
  • dies, flat, 1842
  • dies, steels for, 458
  • machines used, 1842
  • precision thread rolling, 1843
  • production rates, 1843
  • speeds and feeds, 1845, 1846
  • steels, 1843
  • screws, 1545, 1548, 1550, 1552
  • self-forming screws, 1545-7, 1549, 1553
  • single-point cutting tools for, 699-700
  • stress area, 1407, 1416, 1718
  • symbols for taps, 895, 896
  • tap drill sizes, 1815-21
  • tools,
  • angles of sides for given clearance and helix angles, 1834
  • relief angles for single-point, 1834, 1835
  • for square threads, 897-9
  • Threading cam, screw machine, 1050, 1054

  • cutting speeds, threading dies, 1053
  • Three-dimensional stress, 204-6
    Three-wire measurement of screw threads, 1785-1802
    Throwaway carbide inserts, 728, 729, 730

    Thrust bearings, 2164, 2167

  • allowable loads, 2131
  • ball, 2164, 2167
  • flat plate type, 2130, 2132-6
  • plain, 2130-48
  • rated life, 2206-7, 2210-12
  • roller, 2164, 2165, 2167
  • static equivalent load, 2217, 2218
  • static load rating, 2215, 2216
  • step type, 2130, 2136-9
  • tapered land type, 2130, 2139-45
  • tilting pad type, 2130, 2145-8
  • tolerances, 2175, 2176
  • Thumb screws, flat-head type, 1624, 1627-8
    Tilting pad thrust bearing, 2130, 2145-8
    Tin, melting point, 364
    Tin-base alloys, die casting, 1281
    Tin-bronze bearings, 2151-5
    Tin-lead alloys for soldering, 1291
    Titanium and titanium alloys,

  • cutting speeds for turning, milling, and drilling, 1001
  • melting point, 364
  • properties, 575, 578
  • Titanium carbides as cutting tool materials, 744-52, 972
    Titanium Metals Corp., 578
    T-nuts, ANSI Standard, 1573
    Toggle joint, 133
    Tolerance grades, relative to machining processes, 644, 671
    Tolerances,

  • ANSI Standard, 644
  • bilateral and unilateral, 635-6
  • symbols, 630, 658, 1158-61
  • application, 636
  • ball and roller bearing, 2169-78, 2180-3
  • compression spring, 311-3
  • cylindrical fits, 635-81
  • defined, 635
  • designation of limits and fits, 658
  • dimensions on drawings, 635-6
  • drilled holes, 855
  • extension spring, 311-5
  • gages,
  • direction of tolerances on, 637
  • thread, 1806-8
  • gear, composite tooth to tooth, 1964
  • gear, composite total, 1964
  • hand taps, 887-90
  • honing, 1136
  • how to apply, 636
  • indicating on drawings, 630-1, 632, 636
  • involute splines, inch, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2049
  • involute splines, metric, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069
  • keys and keyways, 2256, 2263-6
  • knurling, 1148, 1152
  • machine screw taps, 886, 889, 890
  • obtainable by various operations, 644
  • pipe taps, 885, 890-2
  • positional, 632
  • preferred series of, 644
  • projected zone, 632
  • relationship to surface roughness, 707-9
  • screw threads (see type of thread)
  • symbols, 630, 1158-61
  • taps, 870, 874-94
  • torsion springs, 325-7
  • twist drill, metric, 851
  • unilateral and bilateral, 635-6
  • Tolerancing and geometric dimensioning, 626, 629-32
    Ton,

  • long and short, 2436
  • metric, 2442, 2452
  • Tool,

  • and cam design, pointers, 1054, 1055
  • compensation, NC, 1219-22
  • contour, cutting tools, 720
  • data table, 1189
  • forming, 757-68 (see also Forming tools)
  • function, NC, 1189-91
  • grinding, angles, 720-8
  • holders, 730-5
  • indexable inserts, 727-35, 750-1, 1219-22
  • knurling, 1148-52
  • length offset, NC, 1190
  • life, 975, 983, 984-6
  • adjusting, 755-6, 997-9, 1003, 1021, 1023
  • materials, 744-756, 970-5
  • NC machines, 1223-26
  • nose radius compensation, NC, 1189, 1219-22
  • offset, NC, 1189
  • shanks, ANSI Standard for milling machines, 920
  • sharpening,
  • carbide tools, 935
  • grinding wheels for, 935-8
  • twist drills, 933-5
  • single-point, 720-8, 736-43, 858-62 (see also Single point cutting tools)
  • steels, 446-76
  • air hardening, 468-70
  • alloying elements, effects of, 450, 454
  • carbon, 455
  • chromium types, 464-6
  • classification of, 454-6
  • cold work, 467-8
  • cutting speed for, 992-3, 1010-11, 1029
  • decarburization limits, 476
  • dimensional tolerances, 476
  • faults and failures, common, 450, 451-3
  • grindability of, 449, 1085-9
  • high-carbon, high-chromium, 467-8
  • high-speed, 460
  • hot work, 464-6, 467
  • machining allowances, 476
  • mill production forms, 475-6
  • mold, 470-2
  • molybdenum types, 460-2, 467
  • numbering system, 402-3
  • oil hardening, 468-9
  • properties of, 446-50
  • selection of, 457-8, 459-60
  • shock resisting, 470-2
  • special purpose, 470-3
  • speeds drilling, reaming, and threading, 1029
  • speeds, milling, 1010-1
  • speeds, turning, 992-3
  • tolerances on dimensions, 476
  • tungsten types, 462-4, 466
  • water hardening, 473-5
  • wear, 931-3
  • Tooling, carbide, 744-56 (see also Cutting tools)
    Tool trouble-shooting checklist, 976
    Tooth rest position,

  • milling cutter grinding, 804
  • reamer grinding, 809
  • Torches, metal cutting, 1363, 1364
    Torque, 114 (def.)

  • calculating, for tightening bolts, 135, 1399-416
  • electric motor, 2362-3
  • pull-up, 2365
  • relationship to angular acceleration, 154
  • starting, small bearings, 2197
  • tightening, for bolts, 1399-1413
  • torsion springs, 315, 317
  • Torsion,

  • and bending of shafts, combined formulas, 202-4, 278-9
  • modulus, 202, 328, 329, 383
  • springs, design, 325
  • Torsional,

  • deflection of shafts, formula, 275-6
  • strength of shafts, 273-5
  • Torus,

  • area and volume, 72
  • moment of inertia, 145
  • Total indicator reading, NC, 1175
    Translating, screws, 1834-67

    Transmission chains, 2337

  • cast roller chains, 2337
  • detachable chains, 2337
  • link chain sprockets, 362
  • pintle chains, 2337
  • roller chains, 2337-61
  • attachments, 2341
  • center distances and chain links, 2348
  • cutters for sprockets, 2351-3
  • cutting sprocket tooth forms, 2349
  • design procedure, 2361
  • dimensions, 2340
  • hob design, 2351
  • horsepower ratings, 2354, 2356-60
  • idler sprockets, 2348
  • installation and alignment, 2355
  • keys, keyways and set-screws, 2342
  • length of driving chain, 2348
  • lubrication, 2355
  • manufacture, 2349
  • materials, 362, 2349
  • nomenclature, 2338-9
  • nonstandard, 2337
  • numbers for, 2338
  • parts, 2339
  • selection, 2347
  • sprockets, 2338, 2342-54
  • tooth form, 2350
  • types, 2337
  • Transmission shafting design, 278-80
    Transposition of terms in formulas, 21-2
    Trapezium, area, 60
    Trapezoid,

  • area, 60
  • center of gravity, 136
  • moment of inertia, 216-17
  • section modulus, 216-17
  • Trapezoidal metric threads, 1703
    Trap rock, strength, 481
    Trepanning, 869
    Tresca shear theory (plastics), 601
    Triangles,

  • area, 58, 60
  • center of gravity, 136
  • geometry of, 43-6
  • moment of inertia, 216-17, 224
  • radius of gyration, 216-17, 224
  • section modulus, 216-17, 224
  • solution, 85-91
  • solving oblique-angle, 90-1
  • solving right angle, 88-9
  • Triaxial stress, 204-6
    Trigonometric,

  • formulas, 87
  • functions,
  • of angles, 85-8
  • signs of, 94
  • identities, 87
  • tables, 94-7
  • Trimming dies, steels for, 458
    Troostite, 498
    Trouble-shooting,

  • broaching, 930
  • drilling, 1028
  • reaming, 810
  • tools, 451-3, 996
  • Troy weight for gold and silver, 2436
    Truing and dressing grinding wheels, 1092-8
    T-sections,

  • moment of inertia, 218-23
  • radius of gyration, 218-23
  • section modulus, 218-23
  • T-slot cutters, standard, 773
    T-slots and T-bolts, ANSI Standard, 1571, 1572
    Tube, 2422 (def.)

  • collapsing pressure, 271-2
  • gages, 2417
  • maximum allowable pressures, 272
  • steel for, 422
  • strength of, 271-2
  • thickness and working pressure, 271
  • wall thickness gages, 2417
  • Tungsten,

  • electrodes, welding, 1322-8
  • melting point, 364
  • Tungsten-carbide tools,

  • grinding, 935-7
  • single-point, 736, 858-62
  • Tungsten steels, 462-4, 522

  • compositions, 455-6, 463
  • high-speed, heat-treatment of, 513-16
  • tool steels, 462-4, 466
  • Turner's sclerometer, 530
    Turning,

  • cutting speeds for,
  • copper alloys, 1000
  • ferrous cast metals, 995, 996
  • hard-to-machine materials, 1002
  • light metals, 999
  • plain carbon and alloy steels, 988-91
  • stainless steels, 993-4
  • superalloys, 1002
  • titanium and titanium alloys, 1001
  • tool steels, 992-3
  • cutting time for, 1039
  • cycles, NC, 1200
  • grinding tools for, 724-8
  • speeds and feeds, 987-1002, 1052
  • Twist drill, 825-56 (see also Drills, twist)

  • equivalent of gage or letter size, 827-31, 2417-18
  • grinding (sharpening), 933, 934
  • tolerances, metric, 851
  • types, 826
  • T-word, NC, 1189-91


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    U

    UK gallons to liters, 2465
    Ultimate strength, 193 (def.)

  • common materials, 481
  • compressive, 194
  • iron and steel, 479
  • nonferrous alloys, 480
  • plastics, 598
  • shear, 194
  • Ultrasonic fluxless soldering, 1292-3
    Uncoated metals and alloys, preferred thicknesses, metric, 2419
    Undercut, in spur gearing, 1921, 1943-9, 1951
    Unified,

  • bolts, screws, and nuts, 1417
  • miniature screw thread, standard, 1705-9
  • numbering system (UNS) for metals and alloys, 402
  • copper alloys, 532
  • plain carbon, alloy and tool steel, 402-3, 407-10
  • stainless steel, 408, 411-2
  • screw thread standard, (see also Screw threads and thread systems)
  • ANSI, 1630-76
  • British UNJ, 1751
  • Unilateral and bilateral tolerances, 635-6
    Unit,

  • conversions, 2437-44
  • horsepower for machining, 868, 1041-3, 1046
  • systems, 116-9, 2437-44
  • Universal joints, 2239
    Upsetting, steel for cold, 419-22
    Uranium, chemical symbol, 364,

  • melting point, 364
  • U.S.

  • Board of Supervising Inspectors, 266
  • Dept. of Commerce, formula for pressure in tubes, 271
  • gallons into liters, 2465
  • Standard screw threads, 1630
  • Standard sheet metal gage, 2419, 2420
  • U.S.A. (American) Standard (see ANSI Standard)


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    V

    Vanadium, melting point, 364
    Van Keuren gear measuring tables, 2010-8, 2020-3
    Variable speed belts, 2315-22
    Varnish, pattern, 1277

    V-belts,

  • arc of contact, 2291, 2298, 2304, 2315, 2323
  • belt lengths and center distances, 2291
  • classical, 2291-8
  • cross-sections, 2285, 2295, 2298, 2309, 2311, 2320, 2328
  • degree, 2322-3
  • double, 2298-307
  • horsepower ratings, 2284, 2285, 2295, 2303, 2310, 2314, 2320-2
  • light duty, 2307-10
  • narrow, 2285-91
  • SAE Standard V-belts, 2336
  • service factors, 2334-5
  • sheave dimensions, 2285, 2287-9, 2293-4, 2313, 2317, 2319, 2329-30
  • storage and handling, 2333-4
  • synchronous, 2323-33, 2335
  • variable speed, 2315-22
  • V-ribbed, 2310-15
  • V-belts and sheaves, 2284-2336
    Vector and scalar quantities, 119
    Velocity, 114 (def.)

  • angular, 150, 185
  • converting to rpm, 977-82
  • linear, 150-1
  • linear at a point on a rotating body, 185
  • Vernier scale,

  • dual metric-inch, 684, 685
  • reading, 683
  • reading a metric, 684
  • reading on a protractor, 683
  • Versed sine and versed cosine, 98
    V-flange tool shanks and retention knobs, 1223-6
    Vickers hardness, 526, 527
    Viscosity, 2113, 2114, 2227, 2228

  • conversion table for lubricating oils, 2113
  • Viscosity-temperature chart for SAE oils, 2114
    Vitrified bonded wheels, 936, 1074

  • coolants for, 1067
  • thread grinding, 1847
  • Volume,

  • air at different temperatures, 392
  • of flow in pipes and tubes, 387-8, 391, 2427
  • nozzles, 389
  • prismoidal formula, 54
  • solid of revolution, 54
  • Volumes and areas, geometric figures, 58-73
    V-process, casting, 1274-5
    V-projections, fine-blanking tools, 1253
    V-ribbed belts, 2310-15
    V-shaped groove, checking by pins, 697
    V-thread, 1630
    Vulcanized fiber, strength, 481


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    W

    Warding files, 1367
    Wahl spring curvature correction factor, 295
    Washburn & Moen wire gage, 2417-8
    Washers,

  • ANSI, plain, 1437-40, 1473-5
  • Belleville, 327
  • British Standard metric, 1490-2
  • metric spring, 1488-90
  • metric, 1473-5
  • preferred sizes, 1437, 1438
  • spring lock type, 1441, 1442
  • tooth lock type, 1442, 1443, 1444
  • Watch screw threads, 1705-9
    Water,

  • boiling point, 385
  • composition, 385
  • flow in pipes, 387-90, 2427
  • flow through nozzles, 389
  • horsepower, equivalent to given head, 388
  • inches of, and equivalent pressure, 387
  • pressure, head or depth known, 385
  • pressures, methods of measuring, 387
  • velocity due to head, 390
  • volume at different temperatures, 387
  • volume of flow in pipes and tubes, 391, 2427
  • weight at different temperatures, 388
  • Watt equivalent, 2468
    Waviness, 703

  • height values, 707
  • Wear and wear resistance,

  • cutting tool, 931, 932
  • Wedge, 131

  • center of gravity, 140
  • mechanical principle of, 131
  • volume, 66
  • Weight, 117 (def.)

  • air, 392, 393
  • per cubic foot, 392-3
  • at different pressures, 393
  • at different temperatures, 393
  • angles, structural steel, 2413-15
  • atomic, 364
  • avoirdupois or commercial, 2436
  • castings, from pattern weight, 1278
  • channels, structural, 2412, 2416
  • charcoal, coal and coke, 372
  • fuels, 372
  • hollow shafts, 282
  • I-beams, 2407-11, 2416
  • metals, 369-70, 371
  • metric, 2442, 2452
  • nails and spikes, 1380
  • pipe, per foot, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426
  • specific gravity known, 371
  • steel S-sections, 2411
  • Troy, for gold and silver, 2436
  • water, 385, 387
  • wide flange, steel, 2407-10
  • wood, 372, 375, 376
  • Weights and measures, 2435-51

    Welding, 1300-43, 1353-5

  • aluminum, 1304, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1330
  • ANSI welding symbols, 1333-43
  • application of, 1337-41
  • nondestructive testing, 1342-3
  • application of symbols, 1337-41
  • arc cutting of metals, 1364
  • codes, rules, regulations, specifications, 1335
  • cutting metals, with electric arc, 1364
  • with oxidizing flame, 1362-3
  • cutting with lasers, 1349-53
  • definitions and symbols, 1333-41
  • designations, 1336
  • dies, 1342
  • electrodes, 1301, 1306-8, 1310-21, 1324-7
  • electron beam, 1332
  • FCAW (flux-cored arc), 1310-17
  • contact tip recess 1312-13
  • deposition rates, 1315-17
  • electrodes, 1310-2,
  • porosity and worm tracks, 1313
  • settings, 1313-15
  • shielding gases, 1317
  • GMAW (gas metal arc), 1301-9
  • electrode diameters, 1301
  • shielding gases, 1302-4
  • spray transfer, 1306-9
  • welding sheet steel, 1302
  • GTAW (gas tungsten arc), 1322-7
  • filler metals, 1327
  • selecting tungsten electrode, 1324-7
  • shielding gases, 1327
  • welding current, 1332-4
  • hard-facing, 1358-62
  • laser,
  • cutting, 1349-52
  • welding, 1353-5
  • letter designations for processes, 1336
  • materials used in welding, 1333
  • nondestructive testing, 1342-3
  • PAW (plasma arc), 1327-31
  • of aluminum, 1330
  • applications, 1329-30
  • cutting, 1331
  • gases for, 1328-9
  • surface coating, 1330-1
  • process letter designation, 1336
  • SMAW (shielded metal arc), 1317-21
  • characteristic of electrodes, 1319-21
  • specifications, 1335
  • symbols, 1334
  • Welding and hard-facing, 1358-62
    Weldon shanks, dimensions of, 777-87
    Wheels,

  • abrasive cutting, 1140-1
  • buffing, 1375
  • diamond, 936-7, 1098-1105
  • dressing, 1092-8
  • grinding, 1073-1109 (see also Grinding, wheels)
  • mechanical principles of, 134
  • polishing, 1374
  • polishing, speed of, 1375
  • silicon carbide, 935-6
  • Wheels and pulleys in mechanics, 134, 135
    White metal bearing alloys, 2150, 2151
    Whitworth,

  • standard bolts, screws, nuts, washers, and studs, 1476-9, 1520-3, 1543
  • wire size for measuring threads, 1787
  • Wide-flange shapes, steel, 2407-10

  • moment of inertia, 2407-10
  • radius of gyration, 2407-10
  • section modulus, 2407-10
  • weight per foot, 2407-10
  • Winding drums, wire rope and chain, 343, 344, 361
    Windlass, 134, 135
    Wing nuts, standard, 1619-23
    Wing screws, 1619-20, 1624-6, 1628
    Wire,

  • brass, phosphor bronze, strength of, 480
  • checking gear sizes, 2009-25, 2027, 2028
  • backlash allowances, 2019
  • diameters, 2018, 2024
  • helical gears, 2019, 2024, 2025
  • checking screw threads, 1785-1802
  • Acme threads, 1792-9
  • buttress threads, 1801-2
  • contact pressure, 1788
  • formulas for large lead angles, 1789, 1793, 1795, 1796-7, 1798, 1799
  • limits for diameters, 1787-8, 1796
  • specifications, 1788
  • taper screws, 1800
  • circular mill measurement, 2435
  • copper, strength of, 480
  • diameters, squares, cubes, fourth powers of, 330
  • EDM, 1257, 1266
  • music, 330, 384, 422, 2417-18
  • plow steel, strength of, 336-42
  • preferred thicknesses, 2419
  • rod gages, 2417
  • rope, 333-51
  • sheet metal gages, 2417-21
  • spring, tensile strength of, 384
  • tensile strength, 384
  • tubing, wall thickness gages, 2417
  • wire gages, 2417-18
  • Wire nails and spikes, standard, 1380

    Wire rope, 333-51

  • bending stresses, 345
  • breaking strengths, 334
  • classes, 335-9
  • construction, 333
  • cutting and seizing, 345
  • definitions of terms, 333, 334
  • drum or reel capacity, 343, 344
  • drum score for winding, 361
  • factors of safety, 340-1
  • installation, 341-7
  • life, 345, 346
  • lubrication, 346
  • maintenance, 345, 346
  • properties, 334, 335
  • rated capacities of, 350-1
  • replacement, 346
  • rope loads due to bending, 345
  • safe loads for, 340, 341
  • sheave and drum dimensions, 343
  • sheave or drum load capacity, 344
  • simplified practice recommendations, 339
  • sizes, 336-42
  • slings and fittings, 346-51
  • specification, 334
  • strength, 336-42
  • weight, 336-42
  • Wood,

  • bearings, 2155, 2158
  • bonding, 2379, 2380, 2381
  • density, 375
  • dimensions of sawn lumber, 377
  • hardmetal tooling for, 756
  • ignition temperatures, 368
  • machinability, 376-7
  • mechanical properties of, 374-5
  • effect of pressure treatment, 375
  • patterns, 1277
  • screws, 1618
  • tooling for wood and nonmetals, 756
  • weight of, 372
  • Woodruff keys, 2255, 2262, 2278
    Woodruff keyseat cutters, 793
    Word, NC, 1180, 1181
    Word address format, NC, 1180, 1181
    Work, 114 (def.), 156-7, 160

  • formulas, 156-7
  • relation to energy, 156
  • Working strength of bolts, 1415-16, 1485-6

  • stresses, 197-8
  • for springs, 289-97
  • Worm gearing, 1980-3

  • addendum, 1981
  • ANSI Standard, fine-pitch, 1980-3
  • center distance, 1981
  • effect of cutting method on profile, 1982
  • fine-pitch, 1980-2
  • formulas for dimensions, 1981
  • hobs for, 1980
  • lead angles, 1980
  • materials for, 1983
  • multithread, 1983
  • outside diameter, 1981
  • pitches, 1980
  • pressure angles, 1980
  • proportions, 1981
  • ratios, 1983
  • single-thread, 1983
  • tooth form, 1982
  • Wrapped spring clutches, 2244-5
    Wrench clearances,

  • for box wrenches, 1435
  • for open end wrenches, 1436
  • for socket wrenches, 1436
  • for spacing of bolts, 1435, 1436
  • Wrench openings, ANSI Standard, 1435
    Wrought iron,

  • strength, 479
  • temperature effect on, 481
  • thickness gage for sheet, 2420
  • Wrought steel pipe, 2422-4
    Wurtzite, 755


    | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    X

    Xenon,

  • chemical symbol, 364
  • melting point, 364

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    Y

    Yield point, 193 (def.)

  • heat-treated steels, 434-9
  • iron and steel, 477-9
  • nonferrous metals, 480
  • plastics, 598
  • for various materials, 193
  • Yield strength, 192, 193 (def.), 375, 378, 380-1, 384

  • aluminum alloys, 565-70
  • compressive, 194
  • copper alloys, 533-56
  • copper-beryllium alloys, 580
  • copper-silicon alloys, 579
  • magnesium alloys, 574
  • nickel alloys, 576-7
  • plastics, 589
  • shear, 194
  • stainless steel, 440-1
  • steel, 432-3, 434-9, 443
  • titanium alloys, 578
  • Yokes, steel for, 422
    Young's modulus (elasticity), 193, 383

  • spring materials, 328, 329
  • Ytterbium,

  • chemical symbol, 364
  • melting point, 364
  • Yttrium,

  • chemical symbol, 364
  • melting point, 364

  • | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

    Z

    Zero, absolute, 2432
    Zerol bevel gears, 1967, 1968
    Zero suppression, NC, 1182
    Zinc,

  • chemical symbol, 364
  • melting point, 364
  • specific gravity, 371
  • Zinc-base alloys, die casting, 1280
    Zirconium,

  • chemical symbol, 364
  • melting point, 364
  • Z-section,

  • moment of inertia, 222-3
  • radius of gyration, 222-3
  • section modulus, 222-3

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